ANTHROP 2E03- Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 29 pages long!)
28 Mar 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
McMaster
ANTHROP 2E03
Final EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Week 1
January 8, 2018
Anthropology subfields
●Physical/Biological
●Sociocultural/Cultural
●Linguistic
●Archaeology
Biology
●Single unified feature is culture and humanity dominates? Each subfield will take studies
from others (four-field approach)
●Focusing on biology in this course, unifying principle is that new species are product of
evolution, evolution is important key concept
●Descent with modification
Short clip about evolution (myths and misconceptions)
●Lamarck; creature evolved by developing traits over lifetime and passing it on (giraffe
example); false, does not work, individual organisms don’t evolve
●Survival of the fittest, evolutionary fitness is how suited they are to their environment
●Natural selection happens at organism-level, gene that makes it altruistic can be more
widespread than self-preservation
●Natural selection happens at organism-level, gene that makes it altruistic can be more
widespread than self-preservation
●Evolution is a process of change, occurs over time
What is evolution?
●Change in living organisms from generation to generation
●Central unifying theme in biology
●Lens through which we can observe many aspects of our species
The evolution of evolution
●First empirical scientific explanation for our place in the world, Aristotle is credited with
this; first to classify humans with animals, idea that humans were at top persisted for 2
millennium, orders animals from simple to complex, creatures created by God or Gods
and structure is perfect while complexity is ranked higher
●Swedish naturalist, left scientist with system of naming by genus, caught on by wildfire,
system has changed over time
Aristotle's Scala Naturae
●Divided into system
○In mammals there's us in primate order
○Domain separates non-cellular life from cellular (single-celled bacteria, etc.)
○Family organizes us by apes or not
○How and where things fit in division there are plethora of division
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
○Don’t have to memorize structure of taxonomic structure, need to know what
divisions exist and what it is we are talking about when classifying things
Binomial Nomenclature
●Homo sapiens
○Genus and then species (species in lower case letters and italicized)
●A. domesticus
○Short form can be complicated (acheta domesticus vs. aedes domesticus
)
○In 16th century, Europeans began to travel (trade and conquest)
○Anthropological difference they saw was product of nature alone vs. social, from
anthropological standpoint, growing interest in natural sciences
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
●Idea that species can change over time (macroevolution), changes could be passed on to
generations (what Lamarck thought)
●Large changes could accumulate
●His theories on human evolution not well-received by clergy
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Each subfield will take studies from others (four-field approach) Focusing on biology in this course, unifying principle is that new species are product of evolution, evolution is important key concept. Lamarck; creature evolved by developing traits over lifetime and passing it on (giraffe example); false, does not work, individual organisms don"t evolve. Survival of the fittest, evolutionary fitness is how suited they are to their environment. Natural selection happens at organism-level, gene that makes it altruistic can be more widespread than self-preservation. Evolution is a process of change, occurs over time. Change in living organisms from generation to generation. Lens through which we can observe many aspects of our species. Swedish naturalist, left scientist with system of naming by genus, caught on by wildfire, January 8, 2018 system has changed over time. In mammals there"s us in primate order. Domain separates non-cellular life from cellular (single-celled bacteria, etc. ) Family organizes us by apes or not.
