PSYCH 3JJ3 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Social Change, Puberty, Hormone
PSYCH 3JJ3
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Tuesday 5th September 2017
Lecture 1
Social and emotional development
Introduction
• Social development is the field including social behaviors and changes in social
behaviour with age.
• We use children as the primary focus when talking about development.
• We look at the contexts for different changes.
• Knowledge of the self and other, when can they differentiate between these things.
• How they form ideas about the relationships with others.
• Iteested i the hild’s eotioal epessio.
• From early on babies are able to express different emotions.
• Look at hilde’s ailit to futio i soial settigs.
• Look at othe aspets of soial deelopet i hilde’s ehaious.
Fun facts
• Newborns can recognize their mothers scent by smell
• Young children the age of 2 can experience complex emotions like jealousy.
• Aggressive behaviour in 8-year-old is correlated with criminal behavior at 30.
• Some social behaviors are stabilized but some change overtime.
• When looking at infants raised in orphanages, they find that they have lower levels of
the love hormone.
• This is a bonding hormone or orsitosine.
• This is facilitated by touch and affection; it strengthens the bond.
• Because they are raised in a neglected environment, they do not form this connection.
• Child ause a lead to hages i a hild’s ehaiou ad the ai futio.
• High risk of developing psychopathologies.
• When looked specifically at a child abuse, the actually find differences in their brain
scans.
• When someone is bullied, it seems that having one close friend can make of for this
rejection.
• These are implications of maladaptive social behavior.
• A conflicted relationship between mother and daughter can speed up the onset of
puberty.
Historical foundations
• The scientific study of social development began in the 1800.
• Before that children were treated as small adults.
• Because of the conditions a lot do not survive past infancy or early childhood.
• Another reason is that if they survive they were quickly put to work.
• They were expected to be fully functioning members of society.
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• Not until Darwin came in and looked at the emotions of his own child and looked at
other children.
• This is where the idea of social development began.
• Stanley Hall, said there should be a standard way to determine emotions
• He developed a questionnaire to document those behaviours.
• Competing views then came into view.
• Darwin believed there is a biological origin to the social development and behavior.
• Others said that if you train or teach someone then they will act the same.
• Watso’s a faous ehaiouist poposed that soial ehaiou is ased o oditioig
and teaching.
• He focuses on the social origin not biology.
• Freud came and said that there has to be a type of basic drive.
• “o he et ak to Dai’s iologial view.
• He believed there is a biological component to social emotional development and
behaviors
• He went through the stages of biological drives.
• Gesell believed that with social and emotional behavior there is a maturation view, it
develops overtime.
• It takes time to develop and unfold them.
• It came from Darwin in the 1800, before this childhood development was not
considered.
• Then they shortly developed that this is not true, children and unique and it takes time
for maturation of social and emotional development.
• Nature and nurture is a constant debate.
Critical questions
• We want to know very specific questions.
• How does nature and nurture affect social development.
• What role do children play in their development.
Thursday 7th September 2017
Lecture 2
Biological vs environmental influences
• Maturation is the unfolding of increasingly complex social skills and abilities.
• This is biology.
• Environment is learning.
• Both nature and nurture affect socialization and development.
• Interested in the interaction of nature and nature in individual differences and
development.
Genie
• How did the isolation for 13 years change her development.
What role do children play in their own development.
• Are they passive or active.
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Document Summary
It takes time to develop and unfold them. Critical questions: we want to know very specific questions, how does nature and nurture affect social development, what role do children play in their development. Biological vs environmental influences: maturation is the unfolding of increasingly complex social skills and abilities, this is biology, environment is learning, both nature and nurture affect socialization and development. Interested in the interaction of nature and nature in individual differences and development. Genie: how did the isolation for 13 years change her development. Is it smooth and gradual or stage like. It depends on what behaviours we are looking at. feedback. Social behaviour is the result of the situation or the child: does personality or situational factors take over to determine how a child behaves, we have t think about the context. If it is a salient situation, the child is in danger, they will use their personality.
