PSYCH 3M03 Study Guide - Spring 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Genetics, Evolution, Dopamine
12 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
PSYCH 3M03
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Motivation & Emotion
Motivation: impulses to behave in a manner that alters or sustains the course
of life.
By seeking survival, growth, reproduction, social advancement, or
changes in finer aspects of our relationship to nature and other people.
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Emotion: internal sensations of individuals, often in response to physiological
events.
In organisms with cognition.
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Best considered in tandem.
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Prescientific People
Emotions/motivations often start with strong internal feelings (e.g., rapid heart
rate or feelings in stomach)
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Must have cognitive ability to attribute these sensations.
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Primitive people were the first to consider what these feelings mean.
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The same physiological events to describe/relate to different emotions.
Primitive people didn't understand this.
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They began attributing these drives/motivation to different things.
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As we evolve, we get better answers to these questions.
Because of communication/language.
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Language allows us to characterize & categorize drives & physiological
responses.
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But with language, there's some confusion & inconsistency
Terminology use causes this.
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Prescientific Ideas
Animism & misattributions
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Mythological
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Subjective & inadequate data
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Animism
Chapter 1: History & Motivation
Tuesday, January 16, 2018
9:51 AM
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Animism
Primitive people said that every living thing had a spirit.
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Attribution of spirits to activity of people, other animals, & even plants, natural
forces, & abstract concepts.
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Spirits will explain what drove you to do things.
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Actions were only due to what your spirit wanted, not your own self.
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Therefore, abnormal behaviour results from possession by evil spirits.
Modern language references -- "animated" "spirited" "dispirited" "in
good or bad spirits" "spirits (liquor)"
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E.g., Greek gods -- they each were described as controlling different drives.
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Spirit leaves the body at death (ghosts)
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Misattributions
Heart & Soul -- heart as the locus of motivation & emotion.
People thought all feelings & actions came from the heart/soul.
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E.g., Mayan's took people's hearts out.
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Ideas still linger in our vocabulary -- "half-hearted" "heartache" "heavy
heart" "disheartened" "heartbroken" "hard-hearted" "kind-hearted"
"heart-to-heart" "home is where the heart is" "your heart is in the right
place"
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Stomach & Gut
We have feelings in our guts that we attribute to different things such as
nerves, intuition, etc.
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Modern language references -- "butterflies in my stomach" "gut feeling"
"he's got guts" "gut-wrenching"
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Skin
Modern language references -- "skin crawls" "warm & tingly"
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Face
Modern language references -- "written all over your face"
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Makes evolutionary sense because some expressions are common to all
cultures.
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^ these all come from the idea that there were spirits in your organs creating
feelings & behaviours.
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Light & Dark
Day = bright, happy, etc.
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Night = down, upset, etc.
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Modern language references -- "bright & cheerful" "sunny disposition"
"dark mood" "gloomy mood"
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Came from the idea that people thought that the sun & environment
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find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Motivation: impulses to behave in a manner that alters or sustains the course of life. By seeking survival, growth, reproduction, social advancement, or changes in finer aspects of our relationship to nature and other people. Emotion: internal sensations of individuals, often in response to physiological events. Emotions/motivations often start with strong internal feelings (e. g. , rapid heart rate or feelings in stomach) Must have cognitive ability to attribute these sensations. Primitive people were the first to consider what these feelings mean. The same physiological events to describe/relate to different emotions. They began attributing these drives/motivation to different things. As we evolve, we get better answers to these questions. Language allows us to characterize & categorize drives & physiological responses. But with language, there"s some confusion & inconsistency. Primitive people said that every living thing had a spirit. Attribution of spirits to activity of people, other animals, & even plants, natural forces, & abstract concepts.
