BIOL 111 Study Guide - Final Guide: Vinyl Chloride, Hormesis, Bioaccumulation
25 Mar 2016
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Cultural hazards (smoking, poor diet, drugs, unsafe sex, criminal assault, duis, etc. Chemical hazards from harmful chemicals in the air, water, soil, and food. Physical hazards (fire, tornado, hurricane, flood, volcanic eruption, earthquake, etc. Biological hazards from pathogens (parasites), allergens (pollen), and animals (snakes). Dose, the amount of substance a person has ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin. Frequency of exposure and who is exposed (adult or child). How well the body"s detoxification systems (liver, lungs, and kidneys) work. Genetic makeup, which determines an individual"s sensitivity to a particular toxin: five major factors can affect the harm caused by a substance: Solubility; water-soluble toxins can surround body cells; fat-soluble toxins can enter cells. Persistence; persistent chemicals, such as dtt, may cause more harm. Bio-accumulation, in which chemicals are stored in organs at higher than normal levels. Bio-magnification, in which levels of toxins are magnified as they pass through food webs.
