PSY 105 Study Guide - Final Guide: Implicit-Association Test, Cognitive Dissonance, Social Facilitation
5 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Social Psychology pages: 231-238; 242-250; 252-264
Psychological Disorders: 313-318
Lectures:
Social, Abnormal, & Psych and Law
The Social psych written question will have something to do with group effects.
The Abnormal Slides only had two overarching themes: how to figure out if something is a
psychological disorder and misconceptions about diagnoses. One theme will be a written
question, the rest will be MC. Only study the slides and the page numbers from the chapter as
stated above.
The Forensic Psychology lecture had 5 overarching themes: Law and Psych focuses (4 things);
Differences between Psych of, and, and in the Law; eyewitness testimony; lineups; and profiling.
The profiling I had to go over too fast, so it's MC. The eyewitness stuff is also MC...so you'll
have to figure out how I'd ask a question from the remaining 3 themes the question will be on
one of those.
Social psychology: an area of psychology that seeks to understand, explain, and predict how
people’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied
presence of others.
Social cognition: the way in which people perceive and interpret themselves and others in their
social world.
- Attitudes: relatively stable and enduring evaluations of things and people
o ABC model: a model proposing that attitudes have three components
▪ The affective component: how we feel towards and object
(emotions/feelings)
▪ Behavioral component: how we behave towards an object (predisposition
to act)
▪ Cognitive component: what we believe about an object
(beliefs, ideas)
• “Before 9/11, Americans felt they were secure (affective
component), went to work confidently that terrorism would not
touch their lives (behavioral component), and believed they were
safe (cognitive component). “
o formed when children are still learning through their environment and outside
influences
▪ peers
▪ teachers
▪ media
▪ parents
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
o mere thought effect: when people have more time to think about something, they
generate more attitude consistent thoughts and these thoughts serve to
differentiate the attitude associated with them.
o Festinger and Calrsmith’s study: participants were asked to rate their own
enjoyment of the task on a scale of 25 to 15. Those paid $1 for praising the taste
rated the task as more enjoyable than those paid $20 for praising it.
▪ Cognitive dissonance theory (Festinger 1957): when we hold two
contradictory beliefs, or two beliefs that contradicts our behavior we
experience a state of emotional discomfort.
• The state is so uncomforting that we are motivated to find a way to
eliminate it
• Ways of removing dissonance: modify our existing beliefs
o Self-perception theory (Daryl Bem): a theory suggesting that when people are
uncertain of their attitudes, they infer what the attitudes are by observing their
own behavior.
▪ For example, you are alert (attitude), but after yawning (behavior) you
think you’re tired.
▪ This theory minimizes the role of emotional discomfort and suggests that
when we are uncertain of our attitudes, we simply infer what our attitudes
are by observing our own behavior.
• Attitude specificity: The more specific the attitude, the more
likely it is to predict behavior – someone likes a specific celebrity
= more likely to enjoy their movies.
• Attitude strength: stronger attitudes predict behavior more
accurately than weak or vague attitudes – someone feels
passionately about gay rights, they are more likely to join a
demonstration than people who are in favor of gay rights but see
this as a more general issue in light fairness and legal rights for
everyone.
- Misrepresenting attitudes:
- Social desirability factor: A person who does not trust a specific ethnic background
might not have the same attitude towards them as with others.
o Eliminate by:
▪ Bogus pipeline technique – participant is connected to a
psychological monitoring device (polygraph measures physiological
arousal) and is told that device can detect deception. Therefore, they
are more likely to tell the truth.
▪ Implicit attitude: an attitude of which the person is unaware of –
racism.
• Implicit association test (IAT)
1. Dog-related word – press left button, cat-related word –
press right button. How quickly these decisions are
made is measured by reaction time – how long it took
to decide which button to press.
2. Categories words as pleasant or unpleasant – reaction
time is measured
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
The social psych written question will have something to do with group effects. The abnormal slides only had two overarching themes: how to figure out if something is a psychological disorder and misconceptions about diagnoses. One theme will be a written question, the rest will be mc. Only study the slides and the page numbers from the chapter as stated above. The forensic psychology lecture had 5 overarching themes: law and psych focuses (4 things); Differences between psych of, and, and in the law; eyewitness testimony; lineups; and profiling. The profiling i had to go over too fast, so it"s mc. The eyewitness stuff is also mcso you"ll have to figure out how i"d ask a question from the remaining 3 themes the question will be on one of those. Social psychology: an area of psychology that seeks to understand, explain, and predict how people"s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others.
