BIOL 112 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Cell Theory, Organelle, Microvillus
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BIOL 112 Full Course Notes
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Atom: basic unit of matter consist of protons, neutrons. Covalent / ionic / ion-pd / pdpd / pdid / pdid. Increase across a row: # proton e- held more tightly to nucleus to pull electrons of the bond towards itself. Dipole: difference in charge/electronegativity or non uniform distribution of positive and negative charges (permanent / spontaneous / induced) Spontaneous: electrons concentrated in one place than another. Induced: a perm dipole repels another molecule"s electrons. Thermodynamics: stability of a chemical system atoms/a molecule (spontaneity does not tell you reaction rate) System: open (matter energy ) closed (energy ) or isolated (matter x energy x) G: total difference in thermodynamics stability / amount of energy available to do work. H: chemical bonding: how strongly bonded / total amount of energy . S: freedom of components to move / degree of disorder (more free to move = s ) transformation leads to increase in disorder instable to stable / no energy input.
