BIOB11H3 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Positio, Missense Mutation, Chain Termination

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greymouse967

26 Jan 2017

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Association of mrna w/ ribosomes, and subsequent decoding & formation of a polypeptide chain. Information content of dna/rna: 4 different nucleotides for dna or rna (atcg or aucg) No, only 41 possibilities available only encode for 4 aas out of 20 aas. No, only 42 possibilities available only encode for 16 aas out of 20 aas. Possibly, 43 possibilities available encode 64, more than enough information in triplet. Can be determined by single base change mutation. Overlapping or partially overlapping: single base change mutation will alter more than one aa. Non-overlapping: only one aa will be altered. Reality: for a single base change mutation, altering only one aa non-overlapping. Rbcs became crescent shaped clog small blood vessels & lyse easily. Alters blood vessel diameter; lower o2 levels cause pain / fatigue. 1965, ingram sequences peptides of hemoglobin: glu to val substitution by single mutation (gag to gug on mrna) causes sickle cell anemia.

Related Questions

1. Two couples in which both partners have albinism each have three children. All three of the first coupleâs children have albinism, while all of the second coupleâs children have normal pigmentation. How can you explain these findings given that the development of pigmentation is a multi-step biochemical pathway?

2. All of the genome is replicated during the DNA synthesis phase of the cell cycle, but only part of the genome is transcribed each time transcription is initiated. How is it determined which base pairs of thegenome are transcribed into RNA?

3. To encode all 20 amino acids using a genetic code that is unambiguous, what would be the minimum codon size if there were ________ different bases (rather than four)?

a) two

b) five

c) Suppose that only the first two nucleotides of a three nucleotide codon are base-specific, and position three is dependent on whether it is occupied by a purine or pyrimidine, how many triplets of different meaning would there be?

4. A segment of a polypeptide chain is Arg-Gly-Ser-Phe-Val-Asp-Arg. If it is encoded by the followingsegment of DNA, which DNA strand acts as the template for transcription? Appropriately label the ends ofeach DNA strand with 5â and 3â.
- G G C T A G C T G C T T C C T T G G G G A â- C C G A T C G A C G A A G G A A C C C C T -

1. Unlike DNA, RNA contains

deoxyribose

a double strand

phosphates

uracil

Nucleic acid structure

2. In transcription, uracil will bond with:

thymine

cytosine

adenine

guanine

Transcription

3. The first team of scientist to document the structure of DNA was:

Franklin and Wilkins

Watson and Crick

Pauling and Chargoff

None of the above

DNA structure

4. Organelles that synthesize protein are:

lysosomes

ribosomes

endoplasmic reticulum

golgi bodies

5. Most of the time in a cell's life, it's DNA is in the form of:

Chromatin

Chromatids

Replicated chromosomes

Spindle fibers

6. Uracil is a nitrogen base that pairs with adenine. Using this information, one could conclude that uracil is a:

Purine

Pyrimidine

Neither a purine or pyrimidine

Not enough information

7. a nucleotide does not consist of a:

polymerase

5-carbon sugar

phosphate group

nitrogen base

8. The genetic code in DNA of an individual depends on the sequence (order) of:

nucleotides

purines only

phosphates

sugars

9. Before a cell divides, it must duplicate its DNA in a process known as:

translation

transformation

transcription

replication

10. The basic unit (building block) of a protein is a (an):

carbohydrate

amino acid

lipid

hydrogen bond

11. Unlike DNA, RNA contains:

deoxyribose

a double strand

phosphates

uracil

12. The structure of DNA was first documented in:

1945

1953

1956

1962

13. In DNA replication, the new molecules produced are:

of unequal length

both assembled in the same direction

built with purines as the backbone

assembled in opposite directions

DNA replication

14. The "backbone" of DNA is composed of:

ribose and phosphates

deoxyribose and phosphates

ribose and uracil

deoxyribose and thymine

DNA structure

15. RNA differs from DNA in which of the following ways?

RNA is single-stranded

RNA contains ribose

RNA does not contain thymine

All of the above

DNA structure

16. Which of the following is NOT required for the transcription process itself?

RNA polymerase

DNA

uracil-containing nucleotides

ribosomes

skyhamster121

What happens when RNA polymerase hits a nonsense mutation?
a. Transcription stops because nonsense is the same as stop.
b. Translation stops because nonsense encodes stop.
c. Transcription continues until a transcription termination site is reached.
d. Replication con5inues until a ter site is reached which terminates replication. e. none of the above

9. A frame-shift mutation
a. can cause premature translation termination.
b. can be caused by the addition or removal of a base pair. c. can cause the production of a truncated protein.
d. aandc
e. all of the above

10. PCR, polymerase chain reaction requires: a. an RNA template.
b. a thermo-tolerant DNA polymerase.
c. primers that have a 3â- Phosphate.

d. dideoxy nucleotide triphosphates for polymerization. e. bandc

1/ Some bacteria use _______ enzymes as a defense mechanism; these enzymes cut up foreign _______.

a. modification;DNA
b. restriction; DNA
c. restriction; RNA
d. modification: Protein e. modification; RNA

2/ The addition of _______ groups to their DNA is one method used by bacteria to prevent their own DNA from being cut by restriction enzymes.
a. phosphate
b. acetly

c. methyl
d. nicatinamide e. adenyl

3/ Which of the following is a palindromic recognition sequence? a. 5 Ì. . . CAATAG . . . 3 Ì
b. 5 Ì. . . CAATTG . . . 3 Ì
c. 5 Ì. . . CATTTG . . . 3 Ì

d. 5 Ì. . . GATTTC . . . 3 Ì e. 5 Ì. . . CATCAT . . . 3 Ì

4/ DNA, because it has a _______ charge, moves to the _______ end of the field in gel electrophoresis; _______ DNA molecules migrate the most quickly.
a. positive; positive; smaller
b. positive; positive; larger

c. positive; negative; smaller

d. negative; positive; larger e. negative; positive; smaller

5. A 10 base-pair single-stranded DNA fragment was cut by three different restriction enzymes to produce the following fragments:
(1) AC, TAC, and GGATG
(2) TA, CGG, and ATGAC

(3) GAC, GAT, and TACG

The nucleotide sequence of the ten-base fragment is a. ATGCCTACTG.
b. TACGGATGAC.
c. GGATGACTAC.

d. GACGATTACG.
e. The sequence cannot be determined from the information given.

BIOB11H3 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Positio, Missense Mutation, Chain Termination

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