PHL281H1 Study Guide - Final Guide: John Stuart Mill, Categorical Imperative, Kantian Ethics
Document Summary
Ethics: philosophical study of morality (right/wrong, esp. human actions) Applied ethics: use of philosophical methods to identify morally correct actions (cid:862)is it (cid:373)o(cid:396)all(cid:455) pe(cid:396)(cid:373)issi(cid:271)le to eat (cid:373)eat? (cid:863) Bioethics: branch of applied ethics focus on medical sciences, health care, medical tech. Character virtuous/vicious (cid:862)is death pe(cid:374)alt(cid:455) (cid:373)o(cid:396)all(cid:455) pe(cid:396)(cid:373)issi(cid:271)le? (cid:863) Descriptive ethics: describes ethical beliefs (of people, cultures, society) (cid:862)(cid:449)hat does ch(cid:396)istia(cid:374)it(cid:455) sa(cid:455) a(cid:271)out ho(cid:373)ose(cid:454)ualis(cid:373)? (cid:863) Proposition: sentence expressing something that is and/or can be either truth or falsity-bearing or (im)plausible. Argument: collection of propositions (premises) to support one proposition (the conclusion) good, true support (reasons premises) Conclusion: what we aim to show (cid:894)if a(cid:272)(cid:272)ept p(cid:859)s ought to accept c) Sound argument: valid (c from p(cid:859)s(cid:895) argument, where all p(cid:859)s a(cid:396)e t(cid:396)ue. All a(cid:396)gu(cid:373)e(cid:374)ts (cid:272)a(cid:374) (cid:271)e (cid:373)ade (cid:448)alid (cid:271)(cid:455) addi(cid:374)g p(cid:859)s (2+2=5, never true, so true-p+false-c not possible) invalid arguments can have true conclusions (grass is green, so the capital of canada is ottawa)
