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Biochemistry 2280A Midterm: Midterm Review Notes

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olivepug245
19 Dec 2011
School
Western University
Department
Biochemistry
Course
Biochemistry 2280A
Professor
Eric Ball

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Document Summary

Topic one: the central dogma: molecules of life: proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, all organs in your body involve biochemical reactions. Biochemistry is looking at these reactions at the cellular level; he study of the molecules of life: dogma: an established belief or doctrine: it is authoritative and not to be disputed, central dogma: doubted or diverged from. Rna is translated into a specific protein: genotype: the sum of inheritable potential, phenotype: the sum of observable characteristics, genotype leads to phenotype. Also contain an r group which differentiates them from one another. L-form of the amino acid is what is found in the protein. Four classes of amino acids: polar positive, negative, neutral. Non polar: central carbon is known as the alpha carbon, polar amino acids are hydrophilic. Non-polar are hydrophobic: 20 amino acids exist. R group is a h: proline: unique for having r group connected to the amino group.

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Related Questions

Please answer to both parts of the questions.

In studying a particular biomolecule (a protein, nucleic acid, carbohydrate, or lipid) in the laboratory, the biochemist first needs to separate it from other biomolecules in the sample—that is, to purify it. However, by looking at the monomeric subunits of a biomolecule, you should have some ideas about the characteristics of the molecule that would allow you to separate it from other molecules. For example, how would you separate (a) amino acids from fatty acids and (b) nucleotides from glucose?

***Please answer in your own word***

In 500 words please answer to both parts of the questions.

In studying a particular biomolecule (a protein, nucleic acid, carbohydrate, or lipid) in the laboratory, the biochemist first needs to separate it from other biomolecules in the sample—that is, to purify it. However, by looking at the monomeric subunits of a biomolecule, you should have some ideas about the characteristics of the molecule that would allow you to separate it from other molecules. For example, how would you separate (a) amino acids from fatty acids and (b) nucleotides from glucose?

***Please answer in your own word***

1. Use the following definitions and phrases to describe to which molecules of life and their subunits it belongs:

a. Energy-storing molecule, typically water soluble - b. Subunits are called monosaccharides – c. Used to speed chemical reactions - d. Subunits are joined to each other with peptide bonds - e. Most prevalent molecule in cell membranes - f. Some of them function as hormones - g. Used for storing, transmitting, and executing genetic information - h. Subunits are nucleotides

2. Weak hydrogen bonds between water molecules are responsible for the many properties of water. Acidity is expressed as pH. Buffers stabilize pH. a. What characteristics of water molecule makes it polar? Provide two examples why this property is important in microbiology. b. What is the role of buffers in living organisms, including microbes? c. What must be added to pure water to decrease OH- and/or H+ concentration, respectively

3. Carbohydrates serve as storage molecules and structural material. Lipids are hydrophobic molecules; phospholipids are main component of cell membranes. Protein has a complex structure based on identity and sequence of amino acids. Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are genetic station of storage information and for synthesis of proteins. ATP serve as the main energy source in the living cell. a. Name the subunits (building blocks) of carbs, simple lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids b. What level of protein structure is described as an alpha helix? c. If DNA is placed in boiling water, what and how the molecule would change?