Earth Sciences 1086F/G Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Parallax, Orion Arm, Chromosphere
6 May 2016
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500-150 000 light years - main sequence fitting technique (brightness of stars) 150 000-500 million light years - cepheid technique (marker stars) Beyond 500 million light years - hubble law. 1 million light years away - cepheid in andromeda discovered by hubble (3x assumed size of universe at the time) 3 billion years - andromeda galaxy collide with milky way. Millions of other star-planet systems within orion arm of milky way. 10 billion k 1 sec after big bang. Less than 100 000 years - time it took to form solar system. 600 million tons of h he nuclei/sec converted by sun. 4 million tons/sec of mass lost by sun. 5 billion years until sun runs out of h fuel. Few hundred km - sun goes from transparent to opaque. 99% of mass of solar system in sun. 1au = 150 million km - distance from earth to sun. 30% - sun brighter than time of birth.
