Economics 1021A/B Study Guide - Final Guide: Real Interest Rate, Government Budget Balance, Tax Wedge

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ECON 1021A/B Full Course Notes

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29. 1 the federal budget: if revenues exceed outlays, the government"s budget balance is ________, and the government has a budget ________, negative; deficit, positive; surplus, positive; deficit, negative; surplus, zero; deficit. Topic: the federal budget: if outlays exceed revenues, the government"s budget balance is ________, and the government has a budget ________, negative; deficit, positive; surplus, positive; deficit, negative; surplus, zero; surplus. Topic: the federal budget: government debt is, equal to revenues minus outlays, always increasing, a phenomena that occurs only during times of war, the total amount of government borrowing, the result of a rising price level. Topic: the federal budget: the category of federal government revenues that fluctuates the most is, investment income, transfer payments, personal income taxes, debt interest, indirect taxes. Chapter 29: fiscal policy: suppose the government starts with a debt of sh. Then in year 1, there is a deficit of billion, in year.

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Fiscal policy is carried out primarily by

A) the Federal government.

B) state and local governments working together.

C) state governments alone.

D) local governments alone.

Fiscal policy refers to the:

A) manipulation of government spending and taxes to stabilize domestic output, employment, and the price level.

B) manipulation of government spending and taxes to achieve greater equality in the distribution of income.

C) altering the interest rate to change aggregate demand.

D) fact that equal increases in government spending and taxation will be contractionary.

Expansionary fiscal policy is so named because it:

A) involves an expansion of the nation's money supply.

B) necessarily expands the size of government.

C) is aimed at achieving greater price stability.

D) is designed to expand real GDP.

An appropriate fiscal policy for severe demand-pull inflation is:

A) an increase in government spending.

B) depreciation of the dollar.

C) a reduction in interest rates.

D) a tax rate increase.

29. The amount by which government expenditures exceed revenues during a particular year is the:

A) public debt.

B) budget deficit.

C) full-employment.

D) GDP gap.

30. If actual GDP is greater than potential GDP, we have

A) a negative GDP gap

B) a positive GDP gap

C) minimum GDP gap

D) maximum GDP gap

31. Money functions as:

A) a store of value.

B) a unit of account.

C) a medium of exchange

D) all of the choices

pinkhedgehog911

You hear on the nightly news that the president has vowed to decrease the nation's debt. Both the government and private citizens will have to buckle down and learn to do without, he says.

In order to reduce its debt, a nation must:

A.	run lower deficits.
B.	decrease tax rates.
C.	run lower surpluses.
D.	increase in government spending.

Debt reduction will result in:

A.	more public works projects, higher transfer payments, and more money available for households to spend.
B.	fewer public works projects, higher transfer payments, and more money available for households to spend.
C.	more public works projects, lower transfer payments, and less money available for households to spend.
D.	fewer public works projects, lower transfer payments, and less money available for households to spend.

A friend of yours looks at the state of the U.S. debt in 2011 and tells you, Since the debt is so high, we must be running an incredibly large deficit every year. Your friend's analysis is:

A.	not valid, because the debt is always changing even when deficits are the same.
B.	not valid, because the debt can be high even when the deficit for an individual year is small.
C.	valid, because the debt is always changing even when deficits are the same.
D.	valid, because the public debt is the sum of all deficits and surpluses run by the government over time and can be high even when the deficit for an individual year is small.

Assume that the government in some nations intended to respond to low employment via fiscal policy.

a. What type of policy would this require?

A.	A contractionary fiscal policy designed to decrease the aggregate demand curve.
B.	An expansionary fiscal policy designed to decrease the aggregate demand curve.
C.	An expansionary fiscal policy designed to increase the aggregate demand curve.
D.	A contractionary fiscal policy designed to increase the aggregate demand curve.

b. Assume that this policy ended up having an undesirable outcome. How could this happen in terms of formulation and implementation lags?

A.	This could happen if the implementation lag exceeded the formulation lag.
B.	This could happen if the formulation lag exceeded the implementation lag.
C.	This could happen if the formulation lag and the implementation lag exceeded the expansion.
D.	This could happen if the formulation lag and the implementation lag exceeded the recession.

Econo Nation started 2008 with no national budget debt or surplus. By the end of 2008, it had a budget surplus of $286 million; in 2009, it had a budget deficit of $-425 million; in 2010, it had a budget surplus of $100 million, and the amount of its budget deficit or surplus in 2011 is unknown. If at the end of 2011 Econo Nation's national debt totalled $52 million, determine the deficit or surplus in 2011.

Instructions: Enter your answer as a whole number and include a negative sign if there is a deficit.

Period	Deficit (-) or surplus (+)
Beginning of 2008	$0
End of 2008	$286 million
2009	$-425 million
2010	$100 million
End of 2011	_______ million

sapphiresalmon584

1) Suppose the federal government reduces its spending to balance its budget. If the Federal Reserve wants to completely offset the effects of this policy in terms of economic growth, unemployment and inflation, what should the Fed do?

A) purchase bonds or raise the required reserve ratio

B) sell bonds or raise the required reserve ratio

C) purchase bonds or lower the required reserve ratio

D) sell bonds or lower the required reserve ratio

E) None of the above

2) Geopolitical uncertainty drives oil prices higher the results in an aggregate supply shock. In response, the Federal Reserve increases its target interest rate. In the short run, relative to short-run equilibrium situation if the Federal Reserve undertakes no action, output (RGDP) _______ and the price level _________.

A) increases; increases

B) increases; decreases

C) decreases; increases

D) decreases; decreases

E) unchanged; decreases

3) If interest rates and investment rise, which of the following could explain these changes?

A) The government instituted an investment tax credit

B) The government went from surplus to deficit

C) The government reduced the tax rate on savings

D) The Federal Reserve buys bonds

E) None of the above is correct

aquamarinepug18

Economics 1021A/B Study Guide - Final Guide: Real Interest Rate, Government Budget Balance, Tax Wedge

ECON 1021A/B Full Course Notes

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