Foods and Nutrition 1021 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Alcoholic Drink, Whole Food, Vancouver

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12 Oct 2018

School

Western University

Department

Foods and Nutrition

Course

Foods and Nutrition 1021

Professor

Noelle Martin

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Foods and Nutrition

1021

MIDTERM EXAM

STUDY GUIDE

Fall 2018

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NutritionforModernLivingLecture1

September12th,2018



ScientificResearch

● Varioustypesofresearchdesigns

●Scientistsobserve,askquestions,anddesignexperimentstoanswerthesequestions

● Researchresultsaredocumentedandsubmittedtopeerreviewswhomake

recommendations

● Oneisnotenough,needtoseeduplicatedresults

● Medialikesthe“wowfactor”,theywanttospreaditworldwidethroughsocialmedia

ScientificResearchDesigns

● CaseStudies,treatmentandapparenteffects

● Epidemiologicalstudies:populations,dietaryhabits/diseasecorrelation,effectsof

differencesinlifestyles,genetics,environment,medicalservices

● Correlation:changeof2factorspositive/directandnegative/inversebothfactorscaused

bysomethingelse

● CohortStudy:monitoredoveraperiodoftime,changeoflocations,foodchanges,etc.

● Interventionstudy:randomsampletomakethereisnobiasedinresults

Experimentalstudy:

Controlsubjects:receiveplacebo

Example:dietandbreastcancerstudyinLondon,Toronto,Vancouver



HowNutritionInformationisUsed

● Chemicalanalysisoffood:tableoffoodcomposition,nutrientlabels,Universityof

Guelphprovidesthis

● ClinicalRecords:hospitalstudies,chemicalanalysisofblood,urine,fecesandotherbody

fluids

● Comparativeandevolutionarystudies:tellsusalotaboutthepastandthefuture:

example,malnutritioninfirsttrimesterasamom

HumanNutrition

● Food:ediblesubstancewithphysicalandchemicalproperties

● Providesenergyandnutritiontoallowbodytostayaliveandgrow

● Nutrition:studyofnutrientsinfoods,bodyandhumanbehavioursrelatedtofood

● Diet:foodandbeveragesthatapersonconsumes

● Nutrients:componentsoffoodneededforbodyfunctions

● Providesenergy,maintainandrepairbodyparts,supportgrowthanddevelopment

● Water,carbohydrates,fats,protein,vitaminsandminerals



MaterialsofFoodandtheHumanBody

● Macronutrients:fats,carbohydrates,proteins

● Micronutrients:minerals,vitamins,water



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

Chapter1:organic:allfoodisorganic,allnutrientsthatcontaincarbon



Essentialnutrients:receivedfromfoodsonly:bodycannotmakethem,certainaminoacids,

vitamins,minerals



Nonnutrients:colour,taste,smellandothercharacteristicsoffood



ElementalDiet:dietscomposedofpurifiedingredientswiththegoalofprovidingallessential

nutrientstoapersonwhocannoteatwholefoods,sustaininglifeandsupportinghealing

process,recoveryfromnutrientdeficiencies

Hospitaluse:tubefeedorvein(TPN)

“Ifthegutworks,useit”



Whatisacalorie?

•Unitofenergy

•TheamountofheatrequiredtoraisethetemperatureofalitreofwaterbyonedegreeCelsius

•Calandkcalarecommonlyusedabbreviations

Carbohydratesprovide4cal/g

Fats(lipids)provide9cal/g

Proteinprovides4cal/g

Alcohol–contributes7cal/gforenergyuseonly

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Foods and Nutrition 1021 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Alcoholic Drink, Whole Food, Vancouver

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