History 2135A/B Study Guide - Final Guide: Lynching, New Zealand National Rugby Union Team, Bobby Seale
26 Apr 2018
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Part III:
Jezebel:
• Sexual, irresponsible, promiscuous black women
• Black women could not be victims because they always desired sex
• In 1619 the first ship loaded with enslaved Africans and they arrived in Jamestown
Virginia. Upon arrival the women were placed on the auction block, striped naked,
and examined to determine their reproductive capabilities
• Once sold they were coerced, bribed, induced ordered and violently forced to have
sexual with slaveholders, their sons, and male relatives.
• The bad-black-girl, who is depicted as alluring and seductive as she either
indiscriminately mesmerizes men and lures them into her bed, or very deliberately
lures into her snares those who have something of value to offer her.
• Today they can be found in Hip Hop music videos, their bodies often draped over
expensive cars or being touched by rappers
Mammy:
• Originated in the south after slavery; The evolution of the Mammy image can be
attributed to female slaves performing domestic duties for the family of the slave
owner.
• Large, dark complexion women; by doing this, male slave-owners could disavow
their sexual interests in African American women.
• Fat with enormous breasts the are big enough to nourish all the children in the
world
• Hair is covered with a handkerchief to hide to hide the crazy hair that makes her
ugly
• She is strong but this strength is used in the service to her white master
• She is kind and loyal for she like a mother. She is sexless
• She is often even more nurturing to her white charges than to her own children.
• The evolution of the Mammy image can be attributed to female slaves performing
domestic duties for the family of the slave owner.
• During slavery, the mammy caricature was posited as proof that blacks -- in this
case, black women -- were contented, even happy, as slaves. Her wide grin, hearty
laugher, and loyal servitude were offered as evidence of the supposed humanity of
the institution of slavery.
• Ex: Aunt Jemima
Lynching:
• Lynching is the practice whereby a mob--usually several dozen or several hundred
persons--takes the law into its own hands in order to injure and kill a person
accused of some wrongdoing.
• Lynch law originated during the American Revolution with Col. Charles Lynch and
his Virginia associates, who responded to unsettled times by making their own rules
for criminals
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
• Often made a public spectacle- train were set up to take people there
• The real purpose of these savage demonstrations is to teach the Negros that in the
South he has no rights that the law will enforce
• The charge is generally made that lynch law is condemned by the best white people
of the south and that lynching is the work of the lowest and lawless class. But the
truth is that all classes are equally guilty for what one class does the other
encourages, excuses, and condones
• Usually these people did not commit the crimes they were accused of and never
were tried for it
Solomon Northup:
• Solomon Northup was an African-American farmer and musician who was taken
hostage and sold into slavery in 1841; his story is told in the film 12 Years a Slave
• He was enslaved for more than a decade, enduring horribly violent conditions.
Northup was freed in 1853
• Sold into slavery in Louisiana.
• Meets Eliza, whose young son Randall was sold and taken away from her at an
auction in New Orleans.
• Patsey was targeted by the sexually abusive Epps while having to fear attacks from
his hate-filled wife; her story represented the ordeals of many women subjugated in
the slavery system.
• Samuel Bass, an anti-slavery Canadian carpenter visiting the Beouf plantation,
befriended Northup and reached out to friends of the musician back in Saratoga
Springs, looking for verification that he had been a free member of the community.
Lawyer Henry B. Northup, who was part of the family from which Mintus and his
clan took their name, travelled south and facilitated Solomon's release in 1853.
• Solomon is finally free from slavery he is not allowed to testify in court on his own
behalf simply because he is black. As a reader, this makes me question whether anyone is
every truly “free” from social constructions such as racism.
The Sexual Economy of Slavery:
• Reproducing the slave workforce through giving birth and serving as forced sexual labour
to countless men of all races
• Forced to preform sexual and reproductive labour to satisfy the economic, political, and
personal interests of white men of the elite class
• Virginia adopted the rule that all enslaved women gave birth to enslaved children
regardless the father
• This rule converted enslaved women’s reproductive capacity into market capital to serve
economic interest. In the United States it was enslaved women who reproduced the
workforce
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find more resources at oneclass.com
The Black Panther Party:
• In October of 1966, in Oakland California, Huey Newton and Bobby Seale founded
the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense [soon after shortened to the Black Panther
Party (BPP)]. It ended in 1982
• The party’s original purpose was to patrol African American neighborhoods to
protect residents from acts of police brutality.
• The Panthers practiced militant self-defense of minority communities against the
U.S. government, and fought to establish revolutionary socialism through mass
organizing and community based programs.
• The party was one of the first organizations in U.S. history to militantly struggle for
ethnic minority and working class emancipation — a party whose agenda was the
revolutionary establishment of real economic, social, and political equality across
gender and color lines.
• The practices of the late Malcolm X were deeply rooted in the theoretical
foundations of the Black Panther Party.
• Panther membership exceeded 2,000, and the organization operated chapters in
several major American cities
ShareCropping:
• After the abolition of slavery and the devastation of the Civil War, conflict arose
between many white landowners attempting to reestablish a labor force and freed
blacks seeking economic independence and autonomy.
• Many former slaves expected the federal government to give them a certain amount
of land as compensation for all the work they had done during the slavery era.
• During Reconstruction, however, the conflict over labor resulted in the
sharecropping system, in which black families would rent small plots of land in
return for a portion of their crop, to be given to the landowner at the end of each
year.
• Despite giving African Americans the rights of citizens, the federal government (and
the Republican-controlled state governments formed during this phase of
Reconstruction) took little concrete action to help freed blacks in the quest to own
their own land. (what it means to truly be free)
• Instead of receiving wages for working an owner’s land–and having to submit to
supervision and discipline–most freedmen preferred to rent land for a fixed
payment rather than receive wages.
• By the early 1870s, the system known as sharecropping had come to dominate
agriculture across the cotton-planting South.
• Under this system, black families would rent small plots of land, or shares, to work
themselves; in return, they would give a portion of their crop to the landowner at
the end of the year.
• While sharecropping gave African Americans autonomy in their daily work and
social lives, and freed them from the gang-labor system that had dominated during
the slavery era, it often resulted in sharecroppers owing more to the landowner (for
the use of tools and other supplies, for example) than they were able to repay.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Jezebel: sexual, irresponsible, promiscuous black women, black women could not be victims because they always desired sex. In 1619 the first ship loaded with enslaved africans and they arrived in jamestown. Her wide grin, hearty laugher, and loyal servitude were offered as evidence of the supposed humanity of the institution of slavery: ex: aunt jemima. Springs, looking for verification that he had been a free member of the community. As a reader, this makes me question whether anyone is every truly free from social constructions such as racism. In the united states it was enslaved women who reproduced the workforce. The black panther party: protect residents from acts of police brutality: the panthers practiced militant self-defense of minority communities against the. In october of 1966, in oakland california, huey newton and bobby seale founded the black panther party for self-defense [soon after shortened to the black panther.
