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Political Science 1020E Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Decision Rule, Minimax, Positive Liberty
2 pages41 viewsWinter 2019
School
Western UniversityDepartment
Political ScienceCourse Code
Political Science 1020EProfessor
Charles JonesStudy Guide
MidtermThis preview shows half of the first page. to view the full 2 pages of the document.
Hobbes:
Main Ideas: State of Nature
His view: Defense of the State – State of Nature is a State of War
His claims:
• Humans seek felicity, and so, need power
• Humans are predominantly self-interested, and equal in the sense that we are all
equally vulnerable and equally able
o Competition, Glory, Lack of Trust
• Right of Nature – Right of preservation
• No reach of law, as there is no law to breach; Hobbes’ definition of injustice
• Reason suggests convenient articles of Peace:
o Seek Peace, if you can get it
o Lay down your Natural Right, if other do so
o Perform your covenants
Locke: Most Influential philosopher
Main Idea: State of Nature
His View: Defense of the State– State of Nature is a State of Peace
His claims:
• Law of Nature is a moral claim; we are all the moral equals of one another
o Mankind is meant to be preserved as much as need be; a moralized license of
freedom
• I am free to do what I have a right to do
• EPLN – each one of us possesses sovereign power, including right to punish and the right
to kill
• State is needed to protect and enforce the EPLN of certain individuals and the interpret
the law of nature
Rousseau:
Main Ideas: State of Nature
His view: State as a Con
• The human savage is intrinsically the moral superior to the civilized man
o The natural savage: Saugeen-Maitland theory
o Solidary, no language, no anticipation, fears only pain and hunger
• Change comes about as humans have free will and the capacity to innovate
• From scarcity to teamwork to leisure to downfall
• Inequality leads to a state of war
Freidrich Hayak:
Main Ideas: Social Justice
His view: Social Justice is a Crock
• Cannot be unjust due to actions, intentions, and agency
• Agency can be unjust; actions can be unjust; but intentions cannot be said to be unjust
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