Psychology 2032A/B Study Guide - Spring 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Canada, United States, Supreme Court Of The United States
12 Oct 2018
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Department
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Professor
Psychology 2032A/B
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Psych 2032 Lecture 1
Definitions of Forensic Psychology
• There are two primary ways of defining forensic psychology:
1. Narrow definitions: – highlight certain aspects of the profession while ignoring other aspects
• A field of psholog that iludes:
• Cliial praties i foresi psholog:
• assesset
• osultatio
• treatet
• Eludes pshologists ho priaril odut foresi researh
2. Broad definitions: – are more inclusive
• A researh edeaor ad/or a professioal pratie that eamines:
• hua ehaiour i relatio to the legal sste
• Iludes appliatio ad researh
• Iludes areas suh as soial, ogitie, persoalit, orgaizatioal ad deelopetal psholog
Relationships Between Psychology & Law
• Psholog ad the law
– The use of psychology to study the operation of the legal system
• Psholog i the la
– The use of psychology within the legal system as it currently operates
• Psholog of the la
– The use of psychology to study the law itself
The practice of forensic psychology, and perhaps the most frequent duty of forensic psychologists, is:
• The pshologial assesset of idiiduals ho are ioled, i oe a or aother, ith the legal sste.
The most important skills a forensic psychologist must possess are solid clinical skills. That is, skills like clinical
assessment, interviewing, report writing, strong verbal communication skills (especially if an expert witness in court)
and case presentation are all very important in setting the foundation of the practice of forensic psychology.
Psychology of Crime
• Usig researh i liial, ogitie, deelopetal, ad social psychology,
• Forensic Psychology shows:
• Ho psychological science can enhance the gathering and presentation of evidence, improve legal decision-making,
prevent crime, rehabilitate criminals, and promote justice.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Psychology 2032 Lecture 3 Chapter 3 & 4 Interrogations, Confessions, and Deception
Chapter 3: Psychology of Police Investigations
Police Investigations
- Police rely on witnesses, victims, and suspects to fill in details about crimes:
- Who was involved
- What happened
- Where and when did it happen (event, holiday???)
- How did it happen, why did it happen
- Evidence is often collected through interrogations of suspects
• Police aren’t always there, so they rely on the info above
Police Interrogations
• In North America, there are generally two goals of a police interrogation:
– Obtain a confession
– Gain information that will further the investigation (e.g., the location of evidence)
– There is concern when coercive techniques are used to obtain confessions due to the power of confessions
as evidence
• Juries pay a lot of attention to confessions
The Coercive Nature of Interrogation
• History of coercive measures:
– Mid-1900s: Whipping suspects to get a confession
– 1980s: Stun guns used by the NYPD to extract confessions
– More recently: Psychological methods such as trickery and deceit (e.g., lying about evidence)
The Reid Model of Interrogation
• The Reid model is a common interrogation method
• Involves 3 general stages:
– Gather evidence
– Conduct a non-accusatorial interview to assess deception (guilt)
– Conduct an accusatorial interrogation to obtain a confession
The Nine Steps of Reid (get them to start feeling guilty/anxious)
1. Confrontation
“there is evidence against you that u have commited this crime” – they will go in a confident manner
Decrease the suspects comfort level
The interrogator looks for guilt like behavior (looking down)
2. Theme Development
Lays out a theme
Example: “it was dark outside, and u didn’t see her come by, you a good guy”
If their eyes become locked, or they start to look up, the interrogator sticks to the story
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
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