ADMS 2320 Midterm: Copy of Formula Sheet Midterm by me.doc

• School: York University
• Department: Administrative Studies
• Course: ADMS 2320
• Professor: Ying Kong

Document Summary

Descriptive statistics are methods of organizing, summarizing, and presenting data in a convenient and informative way. Inferential statistics - draw conclusions or inferences about characteristics of populations based on data from a sample. Statistical inference -an estimate, prediction, or decision about a population -based on a sample. Data not categorical interval ( real number; all calculation; treated as ordinal or nominal) May be treated as nominal but not interval) Categorical no order nominal (arbitrary numbers represent categories, {pass | fail} ; may not be treated as nominal or not mean & median- only calculate based on frequency interval ) no meaningful order ordinal (ranked order; calculation only based on ordering process; mode --useful. Bar charts emphasize frequency of occurrences of the different categories. Use when the order in which nominal data are presented is meaningful. Pie chart emphasize the proportion of occurrences of each category.