[BIOL 2021] - Midterm Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam (93 pages long!)

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Evolution history is important: video 16. 1: neutrophil chase. How is phagocytosis initiated by cell when engulfing bacteria. Calcium indicator its role in signalling. Ion channels, neurotransmitters: video 20. 1 breast cancer cells. Normal cells organize into a polarized epithelium. Cancer cells form into disorganized clumps which form tumors in the body. Fig 1-36: yeast electron micrographs (scanning and tem: scan electron micrograph of. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, budding yeast- rapidly reproduces by protruding of cell which eventually separates from rest of cell: transmission electron micrograph- cross section. Single celled organism from kingdom of fungi. Tough cell wall, relatively immobile, has mitochondria but lacks chloroplasts. Reproduces: simple cell division or sexually (two haploid cells fusing to form diploid with meiosis then separating back into haploid) Cytoskeleton provides cell with: strength, shape control and guided movement. Visible light focused by condenser and eye objectives + lenses help project image in the eye.