BIOL 2900 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Antimicrobial Resistance, Methicillin, Plasmid
7 Jan 2019
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Microbiology chapter 10 controlling microbial growth in the body: antimicrobial drugs. Being unresponsive or insensitive to the presence of antibiotics. Most bacteria have one circular chromosome (dna molecule) Extrachromosomal small circular dna molecules more than 1 copy. R plasmids: plasmids with resistance genes b- lactamases: enzymes that break down b-lactams (penicillin and methicillin) Pump antimicrobial drug out of the cell before it can act. Alter drug target so it binds less effectively. Alter their own metabolism so drug doesn"t matter. Drugs: chemicals that affect physiology in any manner. Discovery of arsenic compounds that killed microbes (syphilis) Penicillin released from penicillium (creates a zone from which bacteria don"t grow) Antimicrobial agents that are produced naturally by an organism. An effective antimicrobial agent must be more toxic to a pathogen than to pathogens host. Selective toxicity is possible due to differences in structure or metabolism between pathogen and host. Antibacterial drugs constitute the greatest number and diversity of antimicrobial agents.
