BIOL 2900 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Tuberculosis, Phagolysosome, Cytotoxicity

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champagnealligator163

7 Jan 2019

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Any particular adaptive immune response acts against only one particular molecular shape and not against others. Adaptive immune responses are precisely tailored reactions against specific attackers, whereas innate immunity generalized responses to pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Cells of adaptive immunity are activated in response to the specific pathogens. Once induced, cells of adaptive immunity proliferate to form many generations of nearly identical cells, which are collectively called clones adaptive normal body cells. Lymphocytes form here initially d/t blood stem cells. Adult: centers of flat bone (ribs and hips) Ends of bone + center of flat bone contain blood stem cells (come from bone marrow) Two types of lymphocytes give rise to all types of blood cells, including lymphocytes: b lymphocytes mature in red bone marrow. Carry out antibody immune responses antibody protective protein secreted by descendants of a b cell that recognize a specific biochemical shape: t lymphocytes begin in marrow but mature in thymus.

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1a: Which of the following disease is caused by infection of gram Negative bacteria.?

	A.	Tuberculosis
	B.	Legionellosis
	C.	AIDS
	D.	Strep throat

_______________________________________________________________

1b: Which is FALSE about the virulence factors of Mtb (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)?

	A.	the cell envelope of Mtb contains mycolic acid, which can prevent penetration of antibotics and lysozomes into bacterial cells.
	B.	Cell wall glycolipids of Mtb are associated with certain compounds (mannose), which give Mtb control over entry into macrophages by exploiting the macrophage mannose receptors.
	C.	Mtb inhibit phagosome-lysosome fusion, therefore can survive phagocytosis
	D.	cell wall contains M protein, which can aid attachment of Mtb onto host cells

Please provide clear answer with short reasoning of how the answers you provided are correct. Will be sure to positively rate :)

1-The following is a portion of an abstract from The Journal ofStructural Biology:
Although the ____________ of Paramecium is made up of many sets ofmore reduced stacks of
cisternae than those of many mammalian cells, the stacks inParamecium always bear a close
relationship to a transitional element of the ER from whichnon-clathrin-coated transition
vesicles arise. In QF-DE replicas two networks of filaments areclearly shown; one is in this ER-
____________ transition zone and the other is on the trans side ofthe _____________ stack. The
network associated with the trans-______________ region links anumber of vesicular elements.
The network in the transition zone spans the distance between theER and the cis-cisterna of the
______________ stack and has branches extending to the coats of theenmeshed nonclathrincoated
transition vesicles.
Which term best fills in the blank?
a. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
b. Lysosome
c. Mitochondria
d. Chloroplasts
e. Golgi (apparatus)

2. Mitochondria
a. are prevalent in aerobically respiring bacteria.
b. are capable of both synthesizing and storing starch.
c. have many integral membrane proteins across their innermembrane.
d. rely entirely upon chromosomal genes for synthesis of neededproteins.

3. Mycobacterium tuberculosis trapped in a phagosome of a host cellis able to resist
degradation by the digestive enzymes of the lysosome upon formationof the phagolysosome. With this in mind, which events occur asM. tuberculosis âexploits the
systemâ and enters the host cell?
a. M. tuberculosis binds to an external receptor of aclathrin-coated pit.
b. Macropinocytosis
c. Caveolae, that contain M. tuberculosis, form.
d. Pseudopods form and surround M. tuberculosis.

4. Proteus mirabilis is a bacterium. It is Gram-negative andmotile. Giardia intestinalis is a parastic, eukaryotic, motileprotist. All of the following accurately compares / contraststhesetwo organisms EXCEPT?
a. Whereas Proteus mirabilis has an outer membrane characterized byLPS, Giardia intestinalis lacks this feature.
b. Whereas the DNA of Giardia intestinalis is packaged by wrappingaround histone octamers to form nucleosomes, the DNA ofProteus mirabilis is packaged largely by supercoiling.
c. Infections caused by both Giardia intestinalis and Proteusmirabilis could be effectively treated using penicillin.
d. Whereas the flagella of Giardia intestinalis are composed ofnine pairs of microtuble doublets, the flagella of Proteusmirabilis are composed of a basal body, hook andfilament.
e. Unlike the flagella of Proteus mirabilis, the flagella ofGiardia intestinalis are membrane-bound.

A patient is unconscious and buried to the midchest in a muddy ditch. When attempting to ventilate. You should suspect

Tidal volume

Compliance

Resistance

Minute volume

As the diaphrahm and intercostal muscles relax, the chest cavity

Decreases in size, causing exhalation

Increases in size, causing inhalation

Decreases in size, causing inhalation

Increases in size causing exhalation

An adult has an airway obstruction. What is most likely the cause

Foreign body

Food

Vomitus

tongue

which patient would be classified as âimmediateâ during MCI?

A 25 year old with open fibula fracture and a GCS of 14

A 75 year old female with cool, pink, diaphoretic skin

A 40 year old male with a respiratory rate of 32 and unstable pelvis

An 8 year old female with no respirations after 5 positive pressure ventilations

An adult is breathing at a rate of 6 breaths per minute. You should

Apply supplemental oxygen via nasal cannula

Closely monitor the patientâs respirations.

Ventilate the patient via bag-valve mask

Apply high concentration oxygen via nonrebreather mask.

A 56 year old female is struggling to breathe and has audible wheezes. She is unable to hold up her head or follow commands. What should you do.

Place her in a supine position and assist her ventilation

Obtain a baseline set of vitals and a pulse oximetry reading

Insert a nasopharyngeal airway and apply a non-rebreather mask

Visually inspect the airway for foreign body obstructions

A 20 year old female is unable to catch her breath. After a minor car crash. She has numbness in and tingling to her hands and face. Vital signs are P118, R24

Insert an OPA

Apply high-flow oxygen by non-rebreather mask

Give her a paper bag to breathe into

Assist her ventilations with a bag-valve mask

A 34 year old man is saying he is choking. You note stridor and hoarseness in his voice

Suction the airway

Perform abdominal thrusts

Assist him in self- administering his inhaler

Encourage him to cough

A 28 year old patient is experiencing dyspnea and wheezing. Which medication should you request from medical control?

Epinephrine auto-injector

Albuterol inhaler

Sublingual nitroglycerin

High-flow oxygen

An 18 year old febrile patient complains of malaise for several days. He is taking an oral antibiotic for an upper respiratory infection. Vital signs are bp 128/72, P118 and weak, R22 with rhonchi

Bronchitis

Sepsis

Pneumonia

Tuberculosis

BIOL 2900 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Tuberculosis, Phagolysosome, Cytotoxicity

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