PSYC 2240 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Chemical Synapse, Myelin, Reflex Arc
14 Sep 2016
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Neurons: receive information and transmit it to other cells human brain contains 100 billion neurons (cerebral cortex: 12-15 billion neurons, Cerebellum: 70 billion neurons, spinal cord: 1 billion neurons) Santiago ramon y cajal: used newly developed staining techniques to show that a small gap separates the tip of one neuron"s fibers from the surface of the next neuron. Cell membrane: a structure that separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment protein channels permit a controlled flow of water, oxygen, sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, and other important chemicals. Nucleus: contains chromosomes, mitochondrion: performs metabolic activities, providing the energy that the cell uses for all activities require fuel and oxygen, ribosomes: sites at which cell synthesizes new protein molecules. Endoplasmic reticulum: a network of thin tubes that transport newly synthesized proteins to other locations. Motor neuron: its soma (cell boy) is in the spinal cord, receives excitation through its dendrites and conducts impulses along its axon to a muscle.
