PSYCH 130 Study Guide - Final Guide: Delirium Tremens, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, Disulfiram
11 May 2018
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Chapter 10 Substance Use Disorders
Addiction
• The term addiction typically refers to a severe substance use disorder.
Amphetamines
• Amphetamines are taken orally or intravenously and can be addicting. Wakefulness is
heightened, intestinal functions are inhibited, and appetite is reduced—hence their use
in dieting.
• produce effects by causing the release of norepinephrine and dopamine and blocking
the reuptake of these neurotransmitters.
Antabuse
• a drug that discourages drinking by causing violent vomiting if alcohol is ingested.
Caffeine
• a substance found in coffee, tea, cocoa, cola and other soft drinks, some cold remedies,
and some diet pills.
Cocaine
• The drug cocaine comes from the leaves of the coca shrub.
• Cocaine acts rapidly on the brain, blocking the reuptake of dopamine in mesolimbic
areas. Cocaine yields pleasurable states because dopamine left in the synapse
facilitates neural transmission.
• Cocaine is a vasoconstrictor, causing the blood vessels to narrow.
controlled drinking
• The term controlled drinking was introduced into the domain of alcohol treatment by
Mark and Linda Sobell who developed the guided self-change approach to treatment
(Sobell & Sobell, 1993).
• The basic assumption is that people have more potential control over their immoderate
drinking than they typically believe and that heightened awareness of the costs of
drinking to excess as well as of the benefits of abstaining or cutting down can help.
Crack
• A form of cocaine, called crack, was developed in the mid-1980s and comes in a rock-
crystal form that is then heated, melted, and smoked.
Cross-dependent
• by acting on the same central nervous system receptors, some treatment drugs become
a substitute for the original dependency.
delirium tremens (DTs)
• a person who has been drinking heavily for several years may also experience delirium
tremens (DTs) when the level of alcohol in the blood drops suddenly. The person
becomes delirious as well as tremulous and has hallucinations that are primarily visual
but may be tactile as well.
Detoxification
• Often, the first step in treatment for substance use disorders is called detoxification.
• medical treatment of an alcoholic or drug addict involving abstention from drink or drugs
until the bloodstream is free of toxins.
Ecstasy
• The hallucinogen-like substance Ecstasy is made from MDMA
(methylenedioxymethamphetamine).
fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
• Heavy alcohol consumption by a woman during pregnancy is the leading known cause
of intellectual disability among children. The growth of the fetus is slowed, and cranial,
facial, and limb anomalies can be produced, a condition known as fetal alcohol
syndrome (FAS).
Flashback
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Document Summary
Addiction: the term addiction typically refers to a severe substance use disorder. Amphetamines: amphetamines are taken orally or intravenously and can be addicting. Wakefulness is heightened, intestinal functions are inhibited, and appetite is reduced hence their use in dieting: produce effects by causing the release of norepinephrine and dopamine and blocking the reuptake of these neurotransmitters. Antabuse: a drug that discourages drinking by causing violent vomiting if alcohol is ingested. Caffeine: a substance found in coffee, tea, cocoa, cola and other soft drinks, some cold remedies, and some diet pills. Cocaine: the drug cocaine comes from the leaves of the coca shrub, cocaine acts rapidly on the brain, blocking the reuptake of dopamine in mesolimbic areas. Cocaine yields pleasurable states because dopamine left in the synapse facilitates neural transmission: cocaine is a vasoconstrictor, causing the blood vessels to narrow. controlled drinking, the term controlled drinking was introduced into the domain of alcohol treatment by.
