CAS CH 373 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Chok, Galactose, Ketone

• School: Boston University
• Department: Chemistry
• Course: CAS CH 373
• Professor: Karen Allen

Document Summary

1 monosaccharidesaldehydeorketonewithtwoormorealcoholgroupsultron n 3 function_directfuelorlongtermenergystorage buildingblocksofcatwalkpeptidoglycan componentsofdnairnamodifies cellsurfaceproteinscallsignalling. Ho c h 3 ho c h s. H doh 4 h g oh 3: y it 4 d oh s. It aldehyde alcohol hemiacetal glucose 6memberring_pyranose 5furanose libatanomeric fructose cs attacks c2ketone convertfischerprojectiontohatworth. H c oho glucose glucosecanrxtwlhemoglobintomakehbaiccredueedforms whatweusetomonitorlongtermsugarlevels fructosecanbecomeemdiolathighpa fructosealsoareducingsugar cast souzocoxidizingagentsthatoxidizereducingsugars at at o d o i s r citzoh i c o 12 i r fructose enediacoxidized i r. 10. 2monosaccharidesarelinkedtoformcomplex carbohydrates i sucrose l i 2 bothanomericcarbons areoccupied can"tgotoopenchainformnonreducing. Lactoseandmaltose reducing glycogen storageformofglucoseinanimalcells 21,4 21,6atbranchpointscareytounits eachmoleculehasonereducingendand otnonreducingendsdeterminedmy ofbranches sincenonreducing sreducingdegradationtakesplaceatnonreducingends plantcellsutilizestarchwhichexistsin2forms amylose 21,4 amylopectin 21,4and21,6every30unitsamyoumoreeasilydegradedbkhasbranchesenzymecanattach straightchainswhichcaninteract w othercelluloseviahbonds fibrils plantsalsousecellulose b1,4linkages. Exbloodtypes allhaveoligosaccharidefoundation 0 in a coalnacadded inbgalactose isaddedeachbyspecificglycosyltransferases chapter. C2andc3 e l bcarbons alsonumberedbylastmethyl omegacws doublebondsareindicatedby d n firstatomofthedoublebond fattyacidsareusuallyinionizedformso carboxylateformcpalmitateinsteadofpalmiticacid usuallycontain aneven of catomstypically1618. Mptwsize butvanderwaais andt w moredoublebonds butlermostlystearic oliveoilmostlyoleicelowermp fluidityt w shortchain cisdoublebonds. Triacylglycerol 3fattyacidsconnectedbyglycerolbackboneviaesterlinkage majorsiteoftriglycleroistorage adiposeeeneachofwhichhasalipiddroplet soaps saltsoffattyacidstreattriacyglycerolw stronghare saponification alkalinehydrolysisofesters. 12i phospholipidsandglycolipidsformbmolecularsheets characteristicsofmembranes sheetliketwomoleculesthicklipidsproteinsbilayerpreventsmovementofsmallchargedmolecules proteinsmitigateimpermeabilityhyanowingtransport ofmoleculesmembranesarenoncovalentassemblies assymetriccinnerleaflet difffromouter fluid membraneformationpoweredmyhydrophobiceffect.