BIOL-1030 Study Guide - Final Guide: Vacuole, Spectrophotometry, Diatom
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Life Chemistry LabReport
- Elements of Living Organisms
- Name the five most abundant elements found in the humanbody.
- Cells organize into tissues which work together to form
- What is the difference between an atom and an element?
- Molecules
- Is glucose an atom or molecule? What are the atoms inglucose?
- How many bonds can oxygen form?
- Is C6H12O6 a molecular orstructural formula? What is the name of this molecule?
- Based on lab, Section II, draw and label a ball and stickrepresentation of a carbon dioxide, water and ethyl alcoholmolecule. Use circles to designate atoms and lines for bonds, thenindicate the chemical symbol for each atom. Sign, date and preparean image of your drawing and include it with this lab report.
- Molecular Make Up of Living Organisms
- Name the four groups of organic molecules.
- _______ are the most abundant organic molecules in livingorganisms.
- Name a polysaccharide, monosaccharide, protein and alipid.
- Go to the lab, Section 3, Exercises 2, 3, 4 and 5 to completethe following table:
Type of Organic Molecule | Reagent | Sample Tested | Positive Color | Negative Color |
Carbohydrate (starch) | Iodine | |||
Sugar | Benedictâs solution | |||
Lipid (fat) | Sudan IV | |||
Protein | Biuret |
- Go to the lab, Section 3, Exercise 6 to locate starch in potatocells. Describe the microscopic appearance of starch in terms ofcolor and location within the cells.
- Measurement of pH
- What substance has an equal number of hydrogen ions(H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-)?
- What is the pH of the above substance?
- How does the addition of hydroxide ions (OH-) affectthe pH of your stomach?
- Go to lab, Section 4, Exercise 7 to test the pH of commonsolutions. Which solution tested had a pH closest to neutral? Whichsolution was most acidic?
Summary Questions
- What is the smallest subunit of carbohydrates?
- Which reagent could be used to test for diabetes?
- A member of your family has a high blood cholesterol count. Yousee âfat freeâ crackers in the grocery store and decide to test theproduct for the presence of lipids. How would this testproceed?
- A family member has been cautioned about eating foods high insugar. Explain how a test could be run for the presence ofsugar.
- Explain how to test for the presence of protein in milk.
- A friend complains of stomach acidity. Which substance testedmight safely help relieve your friendâs symptoms?
- Explain how solutions are classified as acids or bases. Then,give an example of a weak acid.
Need help with biology questions:
1. To increase the excretion of an acidic drug, what would you do to the urine?
A. | Make it more basic | |
B. | None of the above | |
C. | Make it neutral | |
D. | Make it more acidic |
2. G-Protein coupled receptors directly act on which of the following secondary messenger molecules:
A. | cAMP | |
B. | ATP | |
C. | ADP | |
D. | GTP | |
E. | None of the above or more than one of the above |
3. Drug A and Drug B both produce the same level of biological/physiological response. Drug A produces this effect with 100 mg/kg dose. Drug B produces this effect with 50 mg/kg dose. Which of the following is true?:
A. | Drug B is more efficacious than Drug A. Both drugs are equally potent. | |
B. | Drug A is more efficacious than Drug B. Both drugs are equally potent. | |
C. | Drug A and B are equally efficacious. Drug A is more potent than Drug B. | |
D. | Drug A and B are equally efficacious. Drug B is more potent than Drug A. |
4. The stomach has a ______ pH, whereas the small intestines have a _______ pH. The colon has an approximately ___________ pH.
A. | High; low; neutral | |
B. | Low; high; neutral | |
C. | Low; neutral; neutral | |
D. | None of the above |
5. Which receptor is most likely to reduce norepinephrine levels when activated?
A. | alpha 2 adrenergic | |
B. | alpha 1 adrenergic | |
C. | dopamine D1 receptors |
6. Which of the following statements are FALSE?
A. | If the Vd of a drug is between 60 and 80 L the drug has likely distributed to the total body water of a 200 kg man. | |
B. | In the enterohepatic system the activity of bacteria to remove conjugates from a drug in the gut will decrease the clearance of the drug. | |
C. | Lipid drugs are more likely to be reabsorbed by the kidney from the urine. | |
D. | A weak basic drug (pKa = 6) will be mostly ionized in urine of a pH= 3 and only the non- ionized drug will be eliminated. | |
E. | The major conjugate in Phase 2 metabolism is glucuronide. |
7. Isoproterenol (β-agonist) is a vasodilator that increases HR. What happens to systolic and diastolic pressures upon IV administration of isoproterenol?
A. | â systolic; â diastolic | |
B. | â systolic; â diastolic | |
C. | â systolic; â diastolic | |
D. | â systolic; â diastolic | |
E. | None of the above |
8. If you want to increase the blood concentration of a drug A, you can perform which of the following procedures:
A. | Inhibit Drug A metabolism with Drug B | |
B. | Enhance Drug A reabsorption from renal proximal tubule by changing ionization of Drug A with Drug B | |
C. | Allow competition of Drug B with Drug A for active renal secretion processes | |
D. | Increase the binding of Drug A to serum albumin | |
E. | All of the above |
9. Which of the following describes Phase I metabolism?
A. | Inactive products are always produced in this phase. | |
B. | Large molecules such as glucuronic acid are conjugated to drugs in this phase. | |
C. | This phase may produce active metabolites from prodrugs. | |
D. | This phase only occurs in the liver. |
10. Which of the following is NOT an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of biogenic amines?
A. | Phenylethanolamine N-methyl Transferase | |
B. | Dopamine β-hydroxylase | |
C. | Tyrosine dehydroxylase | |
D. | DOPA decarboxylase | |
E. | All of the above |
11. Why would an antibiotic at the same concentration be more active against bacteria in water than in serum or plasma? (Activity is measured in a test tube)
A. | activity of the antibiotic is increased in water. | |
B. | due to drug-protein interaction in serum | |
C. | the antibiotic is more stable in water | |
D. | all of the above | |
E. | none of the above |
12. Ion channels are targets for drugs. Which drug class targets Na+ channels?
A. | Benzodiazepines | |
B. | Beta blockers | |
C. | Local anesthetics | |
D. | Antihypertensive drugs (cardiac and smooth muscle) | |
E. | Glibenclimide (diabetic drug) |
13. _________________ not metabolized by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT).
A. | Dopamine | |
B. | Epinephrine | |
C. | Phenylephrine | |
D. | Norepinephrine | |
E. | All of the above are metabolized by COMT. |