HLTH-2020 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: King Mackerel, Aplastic Anemia, Tilefish
Health Test 4 Study Guide
Chapter 8: Environmental Health and Safety
1. Factors that affect the risk of adverse envt’l exposure?
-Route of exposure, Timing of exposure, stage of life, other diseases, and special sensitivities.
2. Benzene: What is it? Where is it? Health effects of exposure to it?
-An organic chemical component used as a solvent in the chemical and pharmaceutical
industries.
-Found factories (especially chemical, printing, paint, and gas ones), also found in gasoline
-Causes cancer, neurological effects, and aplastic anemia (red blood cell suppression)
3. Lead: Health effects of exposure? Two major sources of exposure being addressed?
-A range of mental effects
-Inhalation and ingestion
4. Mercury: Adverse health effects? Which fish contain high concentrations of it?
-Neurological issues such as learning disabilities, hearing loss, and reduced mental functions
-Shark, sword fish, king mackerel, and tilefish
5. Radon: Source? What type of cancer is linked to exposure to it?
-Caused by the decay of uranium in soil, rock, and ground water. It seeps into buildings through
the soil.
-Causes lung cancer.
6. Different types of environmental health assessments: Risk assessment, Ecological
assessment, interaction analysis, and Public Health Assessment.
-Risk Assessment: A formal process that aims to measure hazards.
-Ecological Assessment: Assesses the impacts of environmental contamination on plants
animals and ecosystems.
-Interaction Analysis: Takes different factors into account when assessing the impacts on the
environment.
-Public Health Assessment: Assesses hazards and actual exposure in a community.
World Trade Center (WTC) Disaster and its Aftermath
1) How many died in WTC and Anthrax poisonings? How many Americans have died in two
subsequent wars? (#s)
-WTC dead: About 2800 + 200 to 300 in the other planes
-Anthrax dead: 5 Died (tabloid worker, two postal workers, and two other women)
-Afghanistan: About 2,400
-Iraq: About 4,400
2) Impact of WTC Disaster on rescue workers and survivors of collapsed buildings one year
later… How studied? Most common ailments and which was most common of these?
- 343 rescue workers (firefighters, EMS personnel) and 60 police officers were killed
- 63% were for eye or respiratory tract irritations, exhaustion, or dehydration. 28 required
hospitalization (mostly fractures; 3 for life-threatening inhalation)
3) Impact on Persons Who Worked in Vicinity one year later: How studied? Specific Effects?
- those closer to the incident had a 27% rate of missing work due to physical sympotoms, a 13%
increase to the 14% of those not close to it.
-Study done on schools
-Those close to it had higher rates of eye irritation, nose/throat irritation, cough, nausea,
shortness of breath, and PTSD.
4) Berkowitz Study on Birth Outcomes
-Better not to have been close to the site
5) Impact of Disaster on Survivors Five years Later: How studied? Most common ailment?
Strongest predictor of ailment?
-Study on 8,418 Adults Who Were Present in 1 of 38 buildings that were damaged or that
collapsed on 9/11/2001 by the time of first plane and 12pm
- 65% reported new or worsening symptoms of distress
-57% reported respiratory issues
-44% reported injury
-24% reported heart burn
-21% reported severe headaches
Guide for Notes on Health Professions
1. Education/Training Requirements for Practicing Various Professions (Dentist, Licensed
Practical Nurse, Nurse Practitioner, Physical Therapist, Physician, Physician Assistant,
Registered Nurse, Public Health)
-Dentist: Four year programs (like medical school)
-Licensed Practical Nurse: 1 Year + License Examination
-Nurse Practitioner: Master’s degree + certifications/licensures in specialty areas
-Physical Therapist: graduation from an accredited PT education program, National Physical
Therapy Examination, and states typically require continuing education to maintain
licensure
-Physician: 4 years of postgraduate education + 3 to 8 years of residency and internship
-Physician Assistant: Completion of a master’s degree program that takes at least 2 years and
typically includes some sort of residency
-Registered Nurse: Can Be 2 Years + Licensing Exam
-Public Health: DrPH & PhD
2. Why is demand for nurses increasing?
-Need of people who are up to date on technology
-More elderly to care for
-Small amount of primary care
-small proportion of nurses relative to the need
3. Primary care types of physicians
-Family Practice, Internal, Medicine, and Pediatrics
4. How do Dos and MDs differ?
- Relative to the MD, DO training places more emphasis on primary care, prevention, and
skeletal/muscular manipulation
5. Five most common types of physician practices
-Family/General
-Internal
-Pediatrics
-Anesthesiology
-Obstetrics & Gynecology
6. Types of Dental Specialties
-DDS: Doctor of Dental Surgery
-DMD: Doctor of Dental Medicine
Chapter 9: Health Professionals and the Health Work Force
Document Summary
An organic chemical component used as a solvent in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Found factories (especially chemical, printing, paint, and gas ones), also found in gasoline. Neurological issues such as learning disabilities, hearing loss, and reduced mental functions. Caused by the decay of uranium in soil, rock, and ground water. Causes lung cancer: different types of environmental health assessments: risk assessment, ecological assessment, interaction analysis, and public health assessment. Risk assessment: a formal process that aims to measure hazards. Ecological assessment: assesses the impacts of environmental contamination on plants animals and ecosystems. Interaction analysis: takes different factors into account when assessing the impacts on the environment. Public health assessment: assesses hazards and actual exposure in a community. How many americans have died in two subsequent wars? (#s) Wtc dead: about 2800 + 200 to 300 in the other planes. Anthrax dead: 5 died (tabloid worker, two postal workers, and two other women)
