BIO 303 Study Guide - Final Guide: Histone Acetyltransferase, Open Reading Frame, Pribnow Box
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Related Questions
Second messengers play an important role in cellcommunication.
Which of the following best describes their role?
None | ||
integrate, amplify and distribute messages throughout thecell | ||
Release messages to other cells? | ||
Receive information at the cell surface |
What is true of disulfide bonds?
a. | They often occur in the cytosol | |
b. | They are a noncovalent bond | |
c. | They are formed enzymatically in the ER | |
d. | They act as reducing agents | |
e. | they increase protein flexibility |
Which of the following is NOT an example of a cell communicationmolecule?
nucleases | ||
nitric oxide | ||
hormones | ||
kinases |
What is true of binding pockets?
a. | They only occur in the membrane | |
b. | They occur in unfolded proteins | |
c. | They contain electrostatic interactions | |
d. | They contain variable amino acids | |
e. | ||
What is true of cell signaling?
a. | Extracellular signals transduced by rectors always alter cellbehavior very quickly | |
b. | Some cells require cell signals just to survive | |
c. | Cell signals can be interpreted differently by differentcells | |
d. | B and C only | |
e. | All of the above (A, B and C) |
Histone tails can be modified to change the shape and"tightness" of the nucleosomes. Acetylated histones result in whicheffect?
Open DNA | ||
increased transcription | ||
closed DNA | ||
decreased transcription | ||
1+2 | ||
1+4 | ||
3+4 | ||
2+3 |
Shifting the two bound tRNA from the A and P sites to the E andP sites of the ribosome involves:
a. | The movement of the small ribosome subunit down the mRNAchain | |
b. | The degradation of the A site on ribosome | |
c. | The synthesis of the E site on the ribosome | |
d. | The movement of the large subunit relative to the smallsubunit | |
e. | All of the above |
Intracellular signaling pathways are awesome! What is the onething they can NOT do?
a. | relay the signal, to spread it through the cell | |
b. | nothing, they can communicate any cellular need | |
c. | distribute the signal to more than one effector protein | |
d. | integrate the signal from more than one cellular pathway | |
e. | Amplify the signal received, making the signal stronger |
Specificity of protein/protein and protein/DNA binding isdetermined by what?
Non-covalent bonds | ||
Hydrophobic interactions | ||
Covalent bonds | ||
shape of the binding site | ||
all of the above | ||
none of the above | ||
1,2,3 | ||
1,2,4 | ||
1,3,4 |
The coiling structure of the DNA into chromosomes is achieved bywhat?
alpha helix | ||
beta pleated sheets | ||
chaperone proteins | ||
DNA/Protein complexing |
Which regions (s) of the DNA are found in the final protein?
a. | poly-A tail | |
b. | A and B | |
c. | Exons | |
d. | UTRs | |
e. | Introns |
Metabolic processes can be turned "on" and "off" by chemicalmodifcation.
Which chemical modification do we associate with changing theactivity of an enzyme in a transient/non-permanent manner?
Phosphorylation | ||
Ubiquitination | ||
Methylation | ||
Acetylation |
DNA hybridization involves attaching a florescent dye towhat?
a. | Antibody | |
b. | Nuclear stain | |
c. | Probe DNA | |
d. | tRNA | |
e. | rRNA |
Chapter 10
1.Outline the history of our knowledge on DNA up to Watson and Crick. What were the main contributions made by each researcherâs key experiment?
2.Explain the setup of the Hershey and Chase experiment, what would the results have been if protein was the genetic material?
3.Draw the structure of a DNA nucleotide, labeling each main component correctly. How does an RNA nucleotide differ?
4.If a section of double stranded DNA contains 19% Adenine, how much Thymine is present?
5.You are a researcher studying the genetic basis of heart attacks and have been working to determine the expression levels of different genes that might contribute to cancer formation. You obtain the DNA methylation status of five genes of interest (the data are shown in the table below). The plus (+) sign indicates the level of DNA methylation; more plus signs correlates with increased methylation levels.Based on this information which genes would you predict to have the highest rate of transcription?
| Gene | Methylation levels |
| 1 | ++ |
| 2 | +++++ |
| 3 | +++ |
| 4 | ++ |
| 5 | + |
What are the characteristics of the 3 main DNA forms?
Chapter 11
What are the different types of chromatin?
What are the structures and important roles for telomeres and centromeres?
What are the differences found between eukaryotic chromosomes and mitochondrial?
Chapter 12
Explain each of the different models of replication.
If you grow a culture of bacteria in media with radioactive nucleotides so that all DNA in the cells include radioactive nucleotides and then place the bacteria in new non radioactive media. After two rounds of replication what proportion of the DNA molecules will contain radioactivity?
Summarize the similarities and differences between rolling-circle replication, theta replication and linear eukaryotic replication.
What are the functions of the different DNA polymerases found in eukaryotic cells?
Draw a replication fork and include all key components and orientations. (Leading/lagging strands, DNA helicase, RNA primer and DNA gyrase)
What is the Holliday model of recombination and what are the necessary steps?
Chapter 13
What are the different types of RNA and what roles do they play?
Describe the properties and functions of each of the RNA polymerases and how they differ depending on the organism.
Describe in detail the process and mechanisms of transcription in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Chapter 14
What are the primary purposes of each of the three post transcriptional modifications that occur in eukaryotic cells.
What is alternative splicing and what role does it play in the cell?
How is ribosomal RNA processed after transcription?
How do siRNA and miRNA work, describe/draw out the process in detail.