COM 100 Study Guide - Winter 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Time, Strategic Planning, Rhetorical Situation
12 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
COM 100
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Chapter 1:
● People will mimic the emotion you show them
● Critical thinking: ability to form and defend your own judgements rather than blindly accepting or
instantly rejecting what you hear or read
● Opinions: subjective judgements based on expertise, not capable of being verified by someone
else
● Strategic planning: process of identifying your goals and then determining how best to achieve
them
● Communication: interaction that builds connections between people that helps them to understand
each other and to recognize common interests
● Feedback: responses from the audience to the speaker
● Situation: particular context in which a speech takes place
● Rhetoric: the study of how messages affect people
● Rhetorical situation: a situation in which people’s understandings can be changed through
messages
○ Determinants- occasion, audience, speech, and speaker
○ Speakers can only make choices regarding: invention, arrangement, style, memory, and
delivery
● Identification: formation of common bonds between the speaker and the audience
● Occasion: place and event where the speech is given
○ Ceremonial: speaking that focuses on the present and is usually concerned with praise
○ Deliberative: speaking that focuses on the future and is usually concerned with what
should be done
○ Forensic: speaking that focuses on the past and is usually concerned with justice
● Exigence: problem that cannot be avoided but can be solved, through the development of an
appropriate message
● Purpose of speeches:
○ Informing: providing listeners with new information or ideas
○ Persuading: influencing listeners’ attitudes and behavior
○ Entertaining: stimulating a sense of community through the celebration of bonds among
speaker and listeners
● Two types of noise:
○ Internal: psychological interference
○ External: physical sound
● Types of codes:
○ Verbal code: culturally prescribed and are learned by members of the culture
○ Vocal code: tone of voice, volume, pitch, rate, emphasis, and vocal quality
○ Visual: one communication code, includes personal appearance, facial expression, eye
contact, and visual aids
● Strategy: plan of action to achieve stated goals
● Speech elements:
○ Invention: generation of materials for the speech
○ Arrangement: structuring of ideas and materials in the speech
○ Style: distinctive character that may make a speech recognizable or memorable
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○ Delivery: presentation of speech
○ Memory: mental recall of key ideas and the basic structure of the speech
■ Extemporaneous presentation: outline
■ Manuscript presentation: written script
○ Public forum: space in which citizens gather to discuss issues affecting them
■ Characteristics:
● An issue confronts people collectively as well as individually
● Cooperative action is needed to address the issue
● It is important to know how for sure the best course of action to take
● A decision is required
■ Health of the public forum:
● Depends on active participation
● Is often weak, characterized by disengagement and apathy
● Maybe changing in form and in location
● Is aided by civic engagement
Chapter 2:
● Purpose: goal of the speech
● Thesis: main idea of the speech
● Ethos: speaker’s character as perceived by the audience
● Organizing a speech:
○ Structure:
■ Introduction: beginning of speech, get audience’s attention, state thesis, preview
the development of speech
■ Body: largest portion of speech, includes development of supporting materials to
prove the thesis and claims
● Supporting materials: forms of evidence that lend weight to the truth of a
claim
■ Conclusion: ending of speech, draws together the main ideas and provides a note
of finality
○ Arrangement:
■ Time
■ Spatial
■ Cause-effect
■ Problem-solution
■ topical
● Outlining a speech:
○ Extemporaneous: main ideas and structure have been worked out in advance but specific
wording has not been developed
■ Preparation outline: main ideas and supporting material are usually set forth in
complete sentences
■ Presentation outline: consists only of key words written on an index card
Chapter 3:
● Delivery: presentation of speech
● Empathy: feeling what listeners feel and knowing what they think
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Opinions: subjective judgements based on expertise, not capable of being verified by someone else. Communication: interaction that builds connections between people that helps them to understand each other and to recognize common interests. Feedback: responses from the audience to the speaker. Rhetoric: the study of how messages affect people. Rhetorical situation: a situation in which people"s understandings can be changed through messages. Speakers can only make choices regarding: invention, arrangement, style, memory, and delivery. Identification: formation of common bonds between the speaker and the audience. Occasion: place and event where the speech is given. Ceremonial: speaking that focuses on the present and is usually concerned with praise. Forensic: speaking that focuses on the past and is usually concerned with justice. Exigence: problem that cannot be avoided but can be solved, through the development of an appropriate message. Informing: providing listeners with new information or ideas. Entertaining: stimulating a sense of community through the celebration of bonds among speaker and listeners.
