ENG 110 Study Guide - Final Guide: Pathos, Comma Splice, Simile
7 Jun 2018
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ENG 110 Final Study Guide
I. FRIEDs
a. Facts- things that can be proven, not opinion
b. Reasons- answers “why?”
c. Incidents- brief short stories/anecdotes
d. Examples- illustrations of “general” ideas, things, or statements
e. Details- adjectives and adverbs, writing “in color”
II. Readings
a. Pages 197-205: Juno: Not Just Another Teen Movie
i. In the essay, Heniekamp starts by saying the film is about a teenager being
pregnant and giving her baby up for adoption. Heinekamp believes that
even though the dialogue of the characters in Juno may be unrealistic, the
film successfully portrays pregnancy-charged teenage emotions. In his
essay, she shares key points to support her thesis with examples of how
the characters may be unrealistic, but emotionally real.
b. Pages 772-789: Fast Food: Four Big Names Lose
i. Consumer Reports used a survey to rate 53 fast food restaurants. With the
survey they asked their reader to rate a fast food restaurant by the
following criteria: food, value, staff, and speed to determine the best of
best of these establishments.
c. Pages 206-215: Metaphor and Society in Shelly’s “Sonnet”
i. Summary: In our society truth is absent, people live behind these veils that
cover up the truth. Only hope and fear are present, even though the veils
are covering up the truth, people still live behind them and decide to call it
life. By covering up the truth with these veils, everyone is living a
counterfeit life. Reality isn’t being seen or experienced life is superficial.
There is one that isn’t hiding behind the veils; they see the purity and love
of life like one should. Although they stand out from everyone, it isn’t
enough to overpower those who still hide behind the veils. The only way
that society will outgrow its counterfeit nature is when everyone takes off
their veils to see the truth.
d. Pages 265-272: Write for Your Life
i. Freedom Writers is about the power of writing in the lives of ordinary
people
ii. Reasons why Quindlen thinks writing has gone out of use:
1. Teachers today are more concerned with acquiring a job than the
education of their students
2. Phones
3. Writing at work is no longer common
4. Letters are no longer a main form of communicating
5. Company language has simplified
e. Pages 813-844: Sonny’s Blues
i. The narrator details his daughter’s death of polio: she collapsed one
afternoon, unable to breathe. The narrator’s suffering reminds him of his
brother’s trials and allows him to begin to understand what Sonny
endured. Back in the present, the narrator contemplates searching Sonny’s
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room, presumably for drug paraphernalia, but is stopped by a street revival
occurring outside his window. One woman has a particularly moving
voice that seems to offer people a brief reprieve from their suffering.
Sonny, having been moved by the same scene, invites the narrator to come
hear him play music and the narrator accepts. Sonny then explains the
universal nature of suffering and the ways drugs and music have helped
him cope. Sonny and the narrator go to the nightclub where Sonny is
scheduled to play. Everyone at the club knows and respects Sonny well.
Sonny struggles during the first set, but finds his stride in the second set.
Sonny plays movingly, making the narrator understand his brother’s
suffering. The narrator is reminded of his own suffering, and of his
heritage. By understanding Sonny, he has come to understand himself.
f. Pages 976-983: Finland’s School Success
i. The Scandinavian country is an education superpower because it values
equality more than excellence.
g. Pages 245-252: My Life as a Dog
i. A vote regarding off-leash hours for dogs sparks Foer’s reflection on the
relationship between dogs and humans. He begins by thinking about his
relationship with his own dog, then goes on to consider the paradoxical
nature of our treatment of animals in general. From there, he moves into a
larger discussion of the compromises we make to “share space with other
beings.” Finally, he brings his reflection back to the personal, describing
the joy of watching his dog be herself, off-leash.
h. Pages 940-956: Guy vs. Men
i. Dave Barry's 'Guys vs. Men" article is a clever and humurous way to show
the degree of maturity to what it is to be a "man" and what it is to be a
"guy". A man has more responsibility, maturity, and a sense of control,
who knows when to be serious and can show respect. A guy may have less
responsibilities, more fun loving, competitive in meaningless activities, a
bit insensitive and is more relaxed. The role of a man is part of the identity
as is the guy. Barry notices that even men in their late thirties have a side
of them who are just guys. This article reminds me of a the phrase "there's
a kid inside everyone." Meaning, no matter how serious or professional
one has to be, inside ourselves is some who wants to have fun once in
while and not be so tied down to our commitments.
III. Logical Fallacies
a. Non Sequitur- “it does not follow”, posits a cause-and-effect relationship which
has no logical connection
i. EX. Apple produces are so popular they can be found on the moon
b. Post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc- “after this, therefore because of this”, assumes a
cause-and-effect relationship between two events in the past which occurred
closely to each other, but which may not have been necessarily related to each
other
i. EX. Since Apple has put cameras in cell phones, travel has been on the
rise to maintain international global economy based on international travel
Apple must keep up with improving cameras.
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c. Slippery Slope- projects into the future an inevitable cause-and-effect connection
between a series of events which may not occur at all
i. EX. Technology has been increasing in the past years, before we know it
babies will have no food
d. False Dilemma- “excluded middle” or “either/or”, assumes that there are only two
possible choices when there are other choices available
i. EX. The only presidential candidates were Hillary and Trump
e. Begging the question- “circular argument”
i. EX. Where do you live? Pasadena. Where? Pasadena.
f. Appeal to Inappropriate Authority- appeals to an authority who is not a qualified
expert on the issue
i. EX. I saw on a Facebook post that snakes have legs now.
g. Ad Populum- “bandwagon argument” or “appeal to the crowd”
i. EX. Supreme is the best brand because most people in Hollywood wear it.
h. Ad Misericordiam- “appeal to pity”, exploits feelings of sympathy to override or
ignore logical considerations
i. EX. If you donate 5 cents a day you can feed a child in Africa. If you
don’t, you’re starving a kid.
i. Ad ignorantiam- “argument from ignorance”, argument based on lack of evidence
i. EX. Nikes are better than Adidas because Adidas hasn’t been proven to be
as good.
j. Two Wrongs Fallacy- argues that two wrongs make a right
i. EX. If you miss your friend’s wedding, but your friend misses his sister’s
wedding then both parties shouldn’t be mad at each other.
k. Argument by False Analogy- compares two things or events which resemble each
other superficially, but which are dissimilar
i. EX. If you know how to ride a bike then you should know how to ride a
motorcycle.
l. Guild Association- “stereotyping” discredits a person’s claim because of the
people they associate with
i. EX. You hang out with druggies so you must be a druggie
m. Ad Hominen Attack- “mudslinging”, ignores the topic under debate and instead
attacks the opponent’s character on some irrelevant personal issue
i. EX. A mother told the pediatrician that she did not trust him since he had
never been a mother.
n. Strawperson Argument- distorts the opponent’s argument to such a point that no
one could agree with it
i. EX. Ashley said to be nice to the new girl to make her feel more at home.
Jenna said that Ashley has been spending too much time with the new girl.
IV. Literary Terms
a. Alliteration- using the same letter, sound, or consonant repeatedly
b. Allusion- an indirect reference to a person, place or event
c. Analogy- using an older/simpler concept to explain a newer or more complex
concept
d. Anthropomorphism- giving human characteristics and qualities to non-human
beings
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Document Summary
Eng 110 final study guide: facts- things that can be proven, not opinion, reasons- answers why? , incidents- brief short stories/anecdotes, examples- illustrations of general ideas, things, or statements, details- adjectives and adverbs, writing in color . Readings: pages 197-205: juno: not just another teen movie, in the essay, heniekamp starts by saying the film is about a teenager being pregnant and giving her baby up for adoption. Heinekamp believes that even though the dialogue of the characters in juno may be unrealistic, the film successfully portrays pregnancy-charged teenage emotions. Only hope and fear are present, even though the veils are covering up the truth, people still live behind them and decide to call it life. By covering up the truth with these veils, everyone is living a counterfeit life. Reality isn"t being seen or experienced life is superficial. There is one that isn"t hiding behind the veils; they see the purity and love of life like one should.
