AH 111B Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Islamic Calendar, Jesus, Wood Carving
AH 111B
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
AH 111B
8.31.2017
Lecture #1
Europe in the Renaissance
• Christian Art
• Wealthy people = Church = owned art
• Focus on Florence, down in Italy, Flanders (Belgium)
Renaissance
• Definition: Rebirth
o Period of European History and Culture following the Middle Ages
o Northern vs. Southern Renaissance *key conceptual ideas
o Period following Middle Ages
• What did the two renaissances share:
o Prosperity and Growing Middle Class
o Humanism
▪ Education and Scientific Inquiry
▪ Religious Devotion
▪ Individualism and Self-Betterment
o Growth of Capitalism
▪ Trade
▪ Entrepreneurship
▪ Middle class has enough money now to purchase art
▪ Majority of people were still peasants, didn’t enjoy this
o Interests in how Life works
▪ People are interested of how things work
▪ Trying to understand the physical world around them
▪ Education = seeking knowledge
▪ Religious devotion still very intact and didn’t change views about how
important God is
▪ Contributing to society and becoming a better person
▪ Life of the spirit is increasingly important
• What distinguishes the Two Renaissances:
o Northern
▪ Continuity with Medieval Culture
• They created the medieval culture, growing out of the era and
improving themselves
▪ God is in the details
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
▪ Divine Creation = examination of God in details; every grain of sand,
follicle of hair, EVERYONE matters
1. France, Flanders (Belgium), Germany, Holland
a. Extremely different from South
i. Climate = not favorable to fresco
b. Bibles copied the books as manuscript
i. Manuscript illumination
c. Limbourg Brothers, Very Rich Hours (February) (1413-16). Colors and ink on
parchment
i. Attention to detail, shows the economy of the farm; showing how
healthy it is. However, Perspective is Off (Southern won’t like it), NO
geometry, guy taking donkey to market, the wheat, the bread, the
people
d. Paint on WOOD, oil paintings
o Southern
▪ Break with Medieval Culture
• Was imposed upon them through invasions from north
• God is in the geometry
▪ Total rebirth
▪ Against superstition, they think that open spaces, dark towers, stained
glasses, were way too medieval and they didn’t like it because it was
irrational
▪ Classical Antiquity = back to frescoes (painting painted directly on wet
plaster walls), old villa
1. Giotto di Bondone, Scrovegni (Arena) Chapel, Padua (1305-06), frescoes
▪ He drew circles perfectly in the dust as a child
▪ He paints the frescoes in the Chapel
▪ He tricks our eyes with marbles
▪ Life of Christ, Passion of Christ, Life of Mary
• These things were all ordered by Scrovegni
o Wealthy people have choices on what the painter had to do
▪ Painters themselves were not really considered high class, rather works
▪ FIRST time the Life of Christ is illustrated in some way or form.
▪ Giotto tried to make it realistic = naturalism
o 4 Vignettes of Life of Christ, by Giotto
▪ Marriage at Cana
▪ Raising of Lazarus
▪ Lamentations
• Shows emotion, different types of it in individual human nature
▪ Resurrection and Noli Me Tangere
o Patron
▪ Scrovegni gave his chapel into the angel’s hands, for God (in the painting
that is above the door that leads to the outside of the chapel
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Europe in the renaissance: christian art, wealthy people = church = owned art, focus on florence, down in italy, flanders (belgium) Colors and ink on parchment: attention to detail, shows the economy of the farm; showing how healthy it is. What distinguishes the two renaissances: northern renaissance, continuity with medieval culture, god is in the details, southern renaissance, break with medieval culture, god is in the geometry. General: shared faith in humanism, taking advantage of the growing economic opportunities. Gabriel tells virgin mary that she is going have a baby = baby jesus: gabriel"s hair is painted = art form that cannot be captured in frescoe *god is in the details, white lilies in the vessel. General: south = frescoes, north oil painting, all due to the climate of the areas. General: europe in the renaissance, south = perspective, god is in the geometry, vanishing point. The birth of venus (1484-86), tempera on canvas: old pagan gods, profane vs sacred.
