JUST 3800 Study Guide - Final Guide: Dictaphone, Participant Observation, Meta-Analysis
Research methods final exam
On chapters 6,7,8
Significance of Chicago school- the Chicago school of sociology in the
9’s. uh of the eal ok i the eal ethogaphi ok i
criminology was pioneered by the students of this school.
Who studied prisons in Texas in the 1980s
What is the goal of the participant observer- the researcher studies a group
in its natural setting by observing its activities and, to varying degrees,
participating in activities. There are two different types, complete
participation- takes place when the researcher not only joins in but actually
begins to manipulate the direction of group activity. Participant as observer-
the type that most people identify as constituting participant observation.
The researcher usually makes his presence known and, although attempting
not to influence situations, tries to objectively observe the activities of the
group
What does it mean to exist in both worlds- the observer must attempt to
operate mentally on two different levels: becoming an insider while
eaiig a outside. The osee aot e so fa iside, o soialized
into the group, that everything seems so normal as to not worth reporting.
By the same token, the observer must be able to report patterns of behavior
and interrelationships objectively and without moral bias. Going native- over
socialization, become so enamored by the new lifestyle of the group they are
studying that they pass into a new identity and become too much a part of
the group
What is visual criminology- the use of photographs in the field studies has a
long tradition. Using photographs as an ethnographic research method in
criminal justice settings. Photos can be used for news media, the collection
of evidence.
Purpose of mnemonics- a system of memorizing. The recording of detailed
notes on a Dictaphone and their later transcription can be effective,
although this method may prevent the researcher from thinking through the
material and may yield huge transcripts that must be boiled down.
Vignette- Finch describes vignettes as short stories about hypothetical
characteristics in specified circumstances, to whose situation the
interviewee is invited to respond. Often short or typical scenarios (short
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
descriptions or future possibilities). Can be used with individuals, situations,
and structures. They can act as an ice breaker to get people to interact.
What is manifest content analysis- the systematic analysis and selective
classification of the contents of mass communication. Manifest content is
the tangible or concrete surface content (data), as distinguished from latent
content, the underlying meaning behind this information.
Advantages with manifest content are ease of testing and reliability and a
disadvantage is its validity. Latent content is the underlying meaning of
communications, as distinguished from manifest content. An advantage with
latent content is that it is designed perfect for tapping the underlying
meaning of communication and its disadvantages are its reliability and
specificity.
Primary data- data collected from the researcher themselves. Raw data,
unaccompanied by any analysis or interpretation
Secondary data- consist of analyses or interpretation and secondary
information.
The UCR itself would constitute as a primary data source, whereas an
existing research study that used the UCR and other sources to predict crime
trends would be a secondary source.
What kinds of samples are used in participant observation research-
What did Jankowsky study
What did James Marquart study- desiig his eseah stateg as
complete participation, Marquart (1986) works as a prison guard for 19
months while collecting data on prison life. He was able to enter into more
sensitive aspects of guard work, particularly after he established his
credibility by successfully defending himself against an attack by an inmate.
Who wrote street corner society- William Foote Whyte. Whyte was never
able to do an entirely successful analysis of the rackets in Cornerville
because he blew an opportunity with a racketeer whom he had been
introduced to.
What's a gate keeper- of major assistance In gaining access to a new social
world is an introduction to a gatekeeper, leader, or person who is willing to
accept the purpose of the study and vouch for the researchers presence.
1. You have a guide to the territory, you quickly learn the social spaces
and neighborhood and the kinds of persons and activities that occupy
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Significance of chicago school- the chicago school of sociology in the (cid:1005)9(cid:1006)(cid:1004)"s. (cid:373)u(cid:272)h of the ea(cid:396)l(cid:455) (cid:449)o(cid:396)k i(cid:374) the ea(cid:396)l(cid:455) eth(cid:374)og(cid:396)aphi(cid:272) (cid:449)o(cid:396)k i(cid:374) criminology was pioneered by the students of this school. Who studied prisons in texas in the 1980s. What is the goal of the participant observer- the researcher studies a group in its natural setting by observing its activities and, to varying degrees, participating in activities. There are two different types, complete participation- takes place when the researcher not only joins in but actually begins to manipulate the direction of group activity. Participant as observer- the type that most people identify as constituting participant observation. The researcher usually makes his presence known and, although attempting not to influence situations, tries to objectively observe the activities of the group. What does it mean to exist in both worlds- the observer must attempt to operate mentally on two different levels: becoming an insider while (cid:396)e(cid:373)ai(cid:374)i(cid:374)g a(cid:374) outside(cid:396).
