PHIL 1000 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - World War I, Wax, Twelve Nidānas
12 Oct 2018
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Department
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PHIL 1000
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Final Exam Philosophy
October 18:
Aristotle:
Ancient Greek
Student of Plato: Plato’s best student and critic
He started his own school:
Starts with observation
The goal of philosophy is dialectic: among for truth.
(No point of holding a position that is not close to the truth) Whoever can argue best.
Man is by nature a political animal:
Men are rational animals: humans have the capacity to think rationally.
Socrates thought:
City states: Example: Athens
“for the sake of life”
Arises organically
Possibility of living well
One that provides for the well being of all citizens.
Socratic Method:
The more you ask questions, the more you make them realize they’re wrong.
The most important roll of the government is to educate its citizens.
Further education is to be public.
Why its important: public education:
-Similar values: one of the values would be equalized.
-Not providing it: would be a threat to constitution.
-For any society
Hellenistic Period:
323 B.C - 30 B.C: starts Roman Empire
All schools:
1. Achieve happiness
2. Achieve ataraxia: absence of pain.
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3. How to attain self-sufficiency
4 popular schools:
Cynicism: Most closely aline to Socrates’ way of life: “Social corruptors”
Skeptics: Thought you couldn't know anything. Denying the possibility of knowledge,
or even rational belief, in some sphere.
Platonic: The central concept was the!theory of Forms: the transcendent, perfect
archetypes, of which objects in the everyday world are imperfect copies.
Epicureanism: Followers of Epicurus: It embraced the cynicism and from all pleasures.
Sought modest pleasure: to attain freedom from fear. This is the ultimate pleasure.
Pleasure was through friendship, knowledge and virtuous life. No bodily pleasures.
Stoics: Stoicism:
Virtue alone was significant, important essential and sufficient alone to achieving
happiness: widely cited today.
Social Beings:
Accepting the present as it is not allowing us to be controlled by our desires.
Use our mind to understand.
Advice on how to live. They thought the best way to determine and understand
someones life was through their character.
Nutritive, reason/rationality.
Reasons = Virtue = Happiness: Ultimate Goal.
Philosophy: way to happiness
Passions and desires within us: are bad. To remove those instincts: to learn how to die.
Doubly passions and desires, emotions. HOBBES
Fear, surviving state of nature insights us to get into the contract.
October 25:
Augustine:
Moved to Cartage at 17 years old to study rhetoric.
He converted to studying philosophy. Looking for answers.
Converted to Christianity: preach.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Student of plato: plato"s best student and critic. The goal of philosophy is dialectic: among for truth. (no point of holding a position that is not close to the truth) whoever can argue best. Men are rational animals: humans have the capacity to think rationally. One that provides for the well being of all citizens. The more you ask questions, the more you make them realize they"re wrong. The most important roll of the government is to educate its citizens. Similar values: one of the values would be equalized. Not providing it: would be a threat to constitution. 323 b. c - 30 b. c: starts roman empire. All schools: achieve happiness, achieve ataraxia: absence of pain, how to attain self-sufficiency. Cynicism: most closely aline to socrates" way of life: social corruptors . Denying the possibility of knowledge, or even rational belief, in some sphere.
