BIOL 119 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Dikaryon, Mycelium, Heterokaryon
7 May 2018
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1. In septate fungi, what structures allow cytoplasmic streaming
to distribute needed nutrients, synthesized compounds, and organelles
throughout the hyphae?
a. The Pores in Septa
2. The mycelial growth habit leads to a body with a high surface-
area-to-volume ratio. Why is this important?
a. Mycelia have a large surface area for absorption
3. What does it mean to say that a hypha is dikaryotic?
a. Two independent nuclei, derived from different
individuals, are present in each cell
4. The Greek root 'ecto' means "outer." Why are the
ectomycorrhizal fungi, or EMF, aptly named?
a. Their hyphae form dense mats that envelop roots but do
not penetrate the cell wall
5. In most fungi, karyogamy does NOT immediately follow
plasmogamy, which consequently _.
a. Results in heterokaryotic or potentially even dikaryotic
cells
6. You are given an organism to identify. It has a fruiting body
that contains many structures with four haploid spores lined up in clusters.
What kind of a fungus is this?
a. Basidiomycete
7. Predict what you would see if you were looking at a new
species of Zygomycetes.
a. A zygote enclosed in a tough outer coat
8. Why is it more difficult to treat fungal infections than bacterial
infections?
a. Fungal and animal cells and proteins are similar. Thus,
drugs that disrupt fungal cell or protein function may also disrupt
human cell or protein function
9. The adaptive advantage associated with the filamentous
nature of fungal mycelia is primarily related to ___.
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a. An extensive surface area well suited for invasive
growth and absorptive nutrition
10. What drives the flow of water through the xylem?
a. The evaporation of water from the leaves
11. Which cells in a root form a protective barrier to the vascular
system where all materials must move through the symplast?
a. Endodermis
12. Photosynthesis ceases when leaves wilt, mainly because _.
a. Stomata close, preventing carbon dioxide from entering
the leaf
13. A cell is placed in a solution that is hypotonic to the cell. Which
of the following best describes the movement of water in this situation?
a. Water will flow into and out of the cell, but the overall
net movement will be into the cell
14. What important role does the Casparian strip play in the
movement of water through plants?
a. It forces water to move through the cytoplasm of living
endodermal cells as it makes it way from the soil to the xylem
15. What is the role of companion cells in the movement of sugars
through plants?
a. They accumulate sucrose, which is then transferred to
adjacent sieve-tube elements
16. Why is the transport of phloem sap considered an active
process?
a. Energy is used to transport sucrose into companion
cells near sources, against a concentration gradient
17. A mutant plant that is lacking the ability to pump protons out of
leaf companion cells will be unable to do which of the following?
a. Load sucrose into sieve cells
18. What is a sieve-tube element?
a. A sugar-conducting cell found in phloem
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
The mycelial growth habit leads to a body with a high surface- Mycelia have a large surface area for absorption: what does it mean to say that a hypha is dikaryotic? individuals, are present in each cell. Why are the not penetrate the cell wall. Their hyphae form dense mats that envelop roots but do plasmogamy, which consequently _. In most fungi, karyogamy does not immediately follow. Results in heterokaryotic or potentially even dikaryotic cells. It has a fruiting body that contains many structures with four haploid spores lined up in clusters. Predict what you would see if you were looking at a new. Fungal and animal cells and proteins are similar. Thus, drugs that disrupt fungal cell or protein function may also disrupt human cell or protein function nature of fungal mycelia is primarily related to ___. The adaptive advantage associated with the filamentous growth and absorptive nutrition. Endodermis: photosynthesis ceases when leaves wilt, mainly because _. the leaf.
