GEO 102 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Porphyritic, Thermal Expansion, Divergent Boundary
Document Summary
Define geology: the science that studies earth materials, earth"s history, and earth"s processes. What is the roll of geology in society? to protect our environment and manage our natural resources and protect lives and properties from natural disasters. Define ion: atoms with excess positive or negative charge (gain or loss of electrons from the outermost shell). Define isotope: elements with different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus. Know the bond types: ionic bond- transfer of electrons between cations and anions. Moderate strength, moderate hardness: metallic bond - electrons are shared but move about freely between ions. Good conductors of electricity. (gold, copper: covalent bond- electrons are shared between atoms. The stronger the mineral bond, the harder the mineral. Covalent bonds are the strongest, than ionic, and lastly the van der waals. What are the requirements a substance must meet to be a mineral: naturally formed, solid, formed by inorganic processes, specific chemical composition, characteristic crystal structure.
