BIOL 1201 : Exam 3 Study Guide

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azuremammoth471

15 Mar 2019

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Understand the difference between anabolic and catabolic pathways. Understand the first 2 laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to energy exchange: energy cannot be created nor destroyed. It can only be transferred and transformed: with every transfer of energy, some energy escapes as heat. Know the free energy equation, and be able to calculate g. G is change in free energy, h is enthalpy (total energy), t s is temperature and s is the change in enthalpy (energy not available to do work) Know the characteristics of endergonic and exergonic reactions. Endergonic: non spontaneous, energetically up-hill, products have more energy than reactants. Exergonic: spontaneous, energetically down-hill, reactants have more energy than the products. Understand how atp hydrolysis provides energy for endergonic reactions. This reaction is extremely exergonic, it releases 7. 3 kcal/mol. So its used to power reactions that require energy. Do not affect the free energy of the reactants or the products.

Related Questions

3) The hydrolysis of sucrose to glucose and fructose is exergonic. However, if you dissolve sucrose in water and keep the solution overnight at room temperature, there is no detectable conversion to glucose and fructose. Why?

Select one:

a. The change in free energy of the reaction is negative.

b. The activation energy of the reaction is high.

c. The free energy of the products is higher than the free energy of the reactants.

d. This is a condensation reaction.

e. The change in free energy of the reaction is positive.

5) Competitive inhibition differs from non-competitive inhibition in that the ___1___ site is where we see competitive inhibition, while the non-competitive inhibitor __2___.

1. a. allosteric b. non-active c. active d. hydrophillic e. hydrophobic

2.
a. binds to the active site, thus blocking it
b. binds outside the active site, changing the shape of the enzyme
c. binds outside the active site, and blocks the active site

6) Phosphofructokinase is an enzyme, and as such it __1___ of the reaction. It is part of glycolysis, and is an example of an enzyme controlled by inhibition, as high levels of citrate (an intermediate further down the catabolic pathway) turns the enzyme off
(1)Select one:
a. lowers activation energy
b. lowers the ÎG
c. raises the Free Energy
(2)Select one
a. non-competitivenegative feedback
b. irreversible competitivereversible competitive.

15)The reactions in the pathways of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle harvest the high-energy electrons stored in glucose. Therefore, these pathways _______________.

Select one:

a. take place in animal cells, but not in plant cells
b. are catabolic pathways
c. are anabolic pathways
d. involve the reduction of glucose and its metabolic intermediates

21) In an exergonic chemical reaction, the products have less free energy than the reactants (-ÎG). Endergonic reactions require an input of energy (+ÎG). The addition of starting materials and the removal of end products prevent metabolism from reaching final equilibrium. Instead, the cell exists in a state of dynamic equilibrium.

Select one:
True
False

greyferret515

1. What is meant by catabolic and anabolic reactions? Give an example of each.

2. Is the DG for an exergonic reaction more than or less than zero? What about an endergonic reaction? In which type of reaction do the products have more energy than the reactants? Why?

3. How do metabolic pathways keep from reaching equilibrium?

4. Describe the components of ATP. What is the purpose of ATP in the cell? How is it recycled?

5. What is meant by the E_A of a reaction? How do enzymes affect the E_A and the DG of a reaction?

6. Describe the cycle of an enzyme as it catalyzes a reaction.

7. How does an enzyme lower the E_A of a reaction?

8. What is the difference between a competitive and a non-competitive inhibitor of an enzyme? Which type of inhibition can be overcome by increasing the substrate concentration? Why?

9. Describe how an allosteric enzyme works.

10. Why is feedback inhibition important in metabolic pathways?

11. Define Energy. What are the different types of Energy?

12. What are the laws of Thermodynamics?

13. Explain redox reactions.

Question 1 When energy changes from one form to another, some of the energy that can be used to do work is always lost. The loss of this energy is mostly in the form of _________.
a. heat
b. potential energy
c. kinetic energy
d. light energy
e. mechanical energy

Question 2 Which of the following is exergonic?
a. binding fatty acids and glycerol molecules together to form lipids
b. building proteins from amino acids
c. binding sugars molecules together to form glycogen
d. breaking bonds in starch to release glucose
e. adding a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP

Question 3 The first law of thermodynamics states that:
a. energy can neither be created nor destroyed.
b. the universe is increasing in entropy.
c. all living organisms must eat to derive energy.
d. energy is required to bring molecules into a cell against a concentration gradient.
e. in energy-yielding reactions, matter goes from a more-ordered to a less-ordered state.

Question 4 Which of the following is true of energy?
a. It can be transferred from one form to another with 100 percent efficiency.
b. It can be created.
c. It can be stored in chemical bonds.
d. It can never be stored.
e. It can be released by forming chemical bonds.

Question 5 Metabolism is:
a. the sum of all the energy a cell uses.
b. the sum of all the vitamins a cell contains.
c. the sum of all the enzymes a cell contains.
d. the sum of all the chemical reactions that an organism carries out.
e. the sum of all the ATP a cell contains.

Question 6 Entropy is the measure of ________ in a system.
a. disorder
b. order
c. energy
d. work
e. heat

Question 7 What percentage of the energy stored in glucose are humans cells able to use to do useful work?
a. 37%
b. 100%
c. 15%
d. 52%
e. 48%

Question 8 What is activation energy?
a. the energy gained by living things, allowing them to remain active
b. the energy produced by the breakdown of ATP to ADP.
c. the energy required to initiate or begin a chemical reaction
d. the energy created by enzymes during exergonic reactions
e. the energy lost by living things in the form of heat

Question 9 Which of the following is true of allosteric enzymes?
a. Their activity can be reduced when the product binds the enzyme.
b. Their activity can be reduced when a coenzyme binds to them.
c. Their activity can be reduced when the substrate binds the enzyme.
d. Their activity can be increased when the product binds the enzyme.

Question 10 Which of the following is a true statement about enzymes?
a. They are made of proteins.
b. They are altered by the reactions they catalyze.
c. They increase the energy of activation of chemical reactions.
d. All of the above are true.
e. None of the above is true.

Question 11 What is the energy currency of cells?
a. ADP
b. enzymes
c. glucose
d. vitamins
e. ATP

Question 12 Kinetic energy is ____________, while potential energy is _____________.
a. stored energy; energy that is being used
b. stored energy; energy that can't be used
c. energy that is being used; stored energy
d. energy that can't be used; stored energy

Question 13 The energy released during ________ reactions can be used to drive ________ reactions, and this is called ________ reactions.
a. exergonic; endergonic; coupled
b. endergonic; exergonic; coupled
c. exergonic; endergonic; mutually dependent
d. coupled; mutually dependent; independent
e. endergonic; exergonic; mutually dependent

Question 14 ADP + P + Energy --> ATP Which of the following is a true statement about the chemical reaction above?
a. This is a coupled reaction.
b. This is an exergonic reaction.
c. The product of the reaction contains more energy than that of all of the reactants combined.
d. This is an endergonic reaction.
e. This is an example of a catabolic reaction.

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BIOL 1201 : Exam 3 Study Guide

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