BIOL 1202 Study Guide - Final Guide: Genetic Recombination, Heritability, Lycopodiopsida

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purpleturtle770

25 Jul 2018

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Definition of evolution: change over time of the genetic composition of a population, descent of organisms with modification from preexisting organisms. This change is genetic, but we usually detect it as difference in morphology. Some mutations are fatal, some have no effect, and some help an organism survive. Neutral mutations may survive, but have no effect on fitness. The positive changes are the adaptations that are selected over time: variations arise from mutations but not all mutations cause variation. Individuals in a population vary in their heritable characteristics (variability &heritability) Individuals that are well suited to their environment tend to leave more offspring than others (differential survivability & reproductive success: over time, favorable traits accumulate in the population (populations change over time) Structures or behaviors in different species that resemble each other because of common ancestry. That is, they have been inherited from a common ancestor: mammalian forelimbs- human, cat, whale, bat, dna and mitochondria are homologous.

Related Questions

Describe the theory of natural selection Which of thefollowing BEST describes the theory of natural selection? CHOOSEONE

	1 The genetic make-up of apopulation gradually changes from one generation to the next.
	2 Living organisms change overtime.
	3 Each species produces many moreoffspring than can survive long enough to reproduce. The offspringthat do survive contain genes that are inherited from theparents.
	4 There is variation among themembers of a species. Some of this variation is geneticallydetermined and so can be passed on to future generations.
	5 Some individuals have genes thatincrease their chances for survival and reproduction. Theseindividuals are more likely to reproduce and pass on their genes,causing their genes to become more common in the nextgeneration.
	6 There is a struggle for existenceamong the members of a population.

amberleopard326

What is NOT a requirement for evolution by natural selection to occur?

a) Traits must be inherited

b) Traits must influence reproductive success

c) Inherited traits must have variation within the population

d) Characteristics that are favored (fitness) relate to the immediate environment

e) Variations will appear that will allow the survival of the species in future, unforeseen, circumstances.

Charles Darwin...

a) ... arrived at the idea of natural selection in the GalÃ¡pagos Islands.

b) ... was the first scientist to suggest evolution.

c) ... claimed that only aggressive and strong individuals would survive and reproduce.

d) ... with Alfred Wallace, published a mechanism for adaptive change, natural selection, and proposed a "tree of life".

e) ... argued that chimpanzees and gorillas were progressively evolving into human beings.

Which statement about evolution by natural selection isfalse?

Natural selection allows organisms with higher fitness toreproduce more successfully.

Natural selection favors those traits that confer higherfitness in the environment.

Natural selection is a random change in characteristics of apopulation over generations.

Evolution by natural selection affects populations oforganisms, not individual organisms.

An organism's fitness depends on its _____.

ability to survive and reproduce

ability to swap genetic material with other organisms

physical size

ability to mutate

population

Consider the heavily armored stickleback fish population thatcolonized the lake. If all the individuals in that population weregenetically identical, what do you predict would happen when theycolonized the freshwater lake?

The population would increase, as it has increased foodresources.

The population would evolve through natural selection to bebetter adapted to its environment.

The population would decrease due to more juvenile fish beingeaten.

No answer text provided.

Which of the following are adaptations?

Thicker beaks on finches that allows them to eat large seeds,when large seeds are the most abundant.

Less armor on stickleback fish in freshwater that allows themto grow faster to avoid predation.

More armor on stickleback fish in the ocean that prevents themfrom being eaten by larger predators.

None of the above.

All of the above.