BIO_SC 1500 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Homologous Chromosome, Mendelian Inheritance, Allele Frequency

Which processes contribute directly to genetic variaion?

? What is meant by ploidy? Diploid? Haploid?

? Know the phases of meiosis?

? Know the differences between meiosis and mitosis.

? What is the major difference between metaphase of mitosis and metaphase I of meiosis?

? What is the major difference between meiosis II & mitosis?

? What is crossing over? ? What is synapsis?

? What are chiasmata?

? What are autosomes?

? What are sex chromosomes? What are the sex chromosomes in human male? Human female?

? What are homologous chromosomes?

? What is genetic recombination?

? What is fertilization? What are gametes?

? What are histones? What is chromatin?

? How many autosomes do humans have? Have many pairs of autosomes? How many pairs of sex chromosomes? What is the total number of chromosomes that human have? ? What are the sites of crossing over called?

? What is a karyotype?

? What is Down syndrome?

? What is polyploidy?

? What is nondisjunction?

? What is trisomy and monosomy

Post-lab question 4

How do you determine the sex of an individual when examining their karyotype?

Post-lab question 6

If the chromosome number for an organism is 22 before mitosis, what is the chromosome number of each daughter cell after mitosis has taken place?

Post-lab question 9

If a cell in an organism had 16 chromosomes before meiosis, how many chromosomes would exist in each nucleus after meiosis? What is the diploid number? What is the haploid number?

Post-lab question 11

Describe the differences between haploid and diploid cells

Where IN THE BODY are they found?

Post-lab question 14

Describe THREE differences in DNA and RNA structure.

Post-lab question 17

What amino acid would be produced if transcription took place from the DNA sequence CAT?

If a genetic mistake took place during replication and the new DNA strand has the sequence CAG what amino acid would result?

What amino acid would result if the genetic mistake resulted in the DNA strand with the sequence GAT?

-Complete the following sentences: metaphase of mitosis, prophase II of meiosis, crossing over, anaphase I of meiosis, variable, random fertilization, identical, random orientation, metaphase I of meiosis, prophase I of meiosis, metaphase II of meiosis, reduction division

Two processes that occur during meiosis produce genetically ____________ cells.

In a process called ____________ , paired homologous chromosomes align randomly at the cell equator. This occurs during this stage of cell division: ____________ .

In a process called ____________ , genetic material is exchanged between homologous chromosomes. This occurs during this stage of cell division: ____________ .

-Complete the following paragraph to describe nondisjunction and the resulting effects on chromosome number.

words: euploidy, primary nondisjunction, nomal, nondisjunction, secondary nondisjunction, homologous chromosomes, abnormal, trisomy, monosomy, sister chromatids, aneuploid

1.During meiosis I, ____________ separate and move towards opposite ends of the poles.

2.During meiosis II, ____________ separate and move towards opposite ends of the poles.

3.During meiosis I, if both members of a homologous pair go into the same daughter cell, ____________ is said to occur and no normal gametes are produced.

4.During meiosis II, if the sister chromatids fail to separate and both daughter chromosomes go into the same gamete, ____________ is said to occur. Half the gametes are aneuploid while the other half are euploid.

5.If an egg that contains 24 chromosomes instead of 23 chromosomes is fertilized by a normal sperm, ____________ is said to have occurred.

6.If an egg that contains 22 chromosomes instead of 23 chromosomes is fertilized by a normal sperm, ____________ is said to have occurred.