BIO_SC 2200 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Spindle Apparatus, Sister Chromatids, Nuclear Membrane
8 May 2019
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Genetics and agriculture-- cold-resistant tomatoes with flounder antifreeze gene. Vitamin c enriched lettuce with rat biosynthetic gene. Genetics and medicine-- ie so many people affected with cystic fibrosis, down syndrome, etc. Principles for the passing of traits between generations. Mechanistic understanding of inheritance; structure and function of genes. Conversion of heritable variation within populations to variations among species. Visible in actively dividing cells with stain. Interphase-- dna replication, chromosomes relaxed, nuclear envelope surrounds nucleus. Prophase-- chromosomes condense, each chromosome has 2 sister chromatids, mitotic spindle forms (microtubules). Metaphase--nuclear membrane disappears, chromosomes attach to mitotic spindle, chromosomes align along equator (metaphase plate) Anaphase-- sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles,, constriction of cell membrane begins. Telophase--chromosomes arrive at spindle poles, nuclear membrane reforms. Chromosomes decondense, each cell has 1 sister chromatid from each homolog (2n chromosomes) Only in germ cells of sexually reproducing organisms. 2 sets of division-- meiosis i and meiosis ii.
