BIOL 1107- Midterm Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 41 pages long!)

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graylizard991

6 Oct 2017

School

Northeastern University

Department

Biology

Course

BIOL 1107

Professor

Melissa Mc Elligott

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Document Summary

The response of the cell also depends on the set of proteins that is found in it, as different cell types have different sets of intracellular proteins and signaling pathways. When the g protein is bound to gtp it can do something, when it is bound to gdp it cannot do anything. *a g protein-coupled receptor is a transmembrane receptor that interacts with a g protein located inside the cell on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane. *phosphatases de-phosphorylate proteins: receptor kinases: adds a phosphate group. Extracellular domain: binds to signal and causes conformational change, phosphorylating other proteins and transmits the signal from outside to the inside. Dimer = 2 pieces to receptor, inactive = not together. Can allow ca+ into cell for signal transduction. More negative = harder to fire an action potential. More positive = easier to fire action potential.

Related Questions

1. Which cellular processes occur as a consequence of differential control of gene expression in eukaryotic cells?

a) Cell Differentiation

b) Differential Translation

c) Differential Polymerization

d) Differential DNA Replication

e) Differential tRNA Degradation

2) Multicellular organisms are comprised of a variety of cells with different morphologies and different functions. Which is the underlying mechanism that leads to the generation of diverse cell in one organism?

a) The expression of all genes in all cell types.

b) The duplication of the genome in certain cell types.

c) The elimination of specific group of genes from different cell types.

d) The differential expression of particular sets of genes required for a particular cellular phenotype

e) All of the above

3) Which of these statements defines paracrine cell signaling?

a)		A messenger molecule released into the blood stream to bind to a receptor on a cell far away from the release site.
b)		A messenger molecule released by a cell into the extracellular space that binds to receptors on the surface of the same cell.
c)		A messenger molecules released by a cell into the extracellular space that travels short distances to bind to a receptor in a nearby cell.
d)		A messenger molecule release by a tissue into the lumen of an organ that diffuse to bind to receptors far away from the release site.
e)		All of the above.

4) Which effect has the binding of the ligand to a G-protein coupled receptor on intracellular G-protein?

a)		ATP is hydrolyzed, activating phosphorylation
b)		GTP is exchanged for GDP on the G protein, inactivating the G protein
c)		GDP is exchanged for GTP on the G protein, activating the G protein
d)		GMP is released from the G-protein, inactivating the receptor
e)		None of the above

coffeehippopotamus191

The insulin receptor is a
a. phosphatase.
b. kinase.
c. phosphodiesterase.
d. cAMP molecule.
e. G protein.

What do the following receptors all have in common: G protein-linked receptors, protein kinases, and ion channels?
Select one:
a. Conformational change once the ligand is bound
b. Ligand binding
c. Amplification of the signal
d. All of the above

Diacylglycerol
Select one:
a. activates G proteins.
b. hydrolyzes phosphatidyl inositol-bisphosphate.
c. is released from the cell as a paracrine-signaling molecule.
d. opens Ca2+ channels.
e. activates protein kinase C

Gap junctions
Select one:
a. permit metabolic cooperation among linked cells.
b. are present on few copies per cell.
c. contain membrane lined bridges.
d. are channels about 1. 5 mm in diameter.
e. allow large molecules and ions to pass rapidly between cells.

Smooth muscle cells in the airways relax while those in the blood vessels contract in response to the hormone epinephrine. What would you expect to be different in these two types of cells exposed to epinephrine?
Select one:
a. Presence of epinephrine receptors.
b. Exposure to epinephrine released by neighboring cells.
c. Activation of protein kinases.
d. Rate of metabolism.
e. Types of proteins expressed.

The second messenger IP3
Select one:
a. is released from the cell as a paracrine-signaling molecule.
b. hydrolyzes phosphatidyl inositol-bisphosphate.
c. activates protein kinase C.
d. opens Ca2+ channels.
e. activates G proteins.

sangriaskunk539

Cell biology Questions

1. Where is the sugar-phosphate backbone located in a DNA strand within the DNA double helix?

a) Alternates between outside and inside

b)Inside

c)Outside

d)Varies between purines and pyrimidines

e)Depends on the species

2) Which of these statements defines paracrine cell signaling?

A messenger molecule released into the blood stream to bind to a receptor on a cell far away from the release site.

A messenger molecule released by a cell into the extracellular space that binds to receptors on the surface of the same cell.

A messenger molecules released by a cell into the extracellular space that travels short distances to bind to a receptor in a nearby cell.

A messenger molecule release by a tissue into the lumen of an organ that diffuse to bind to receptors far away from the release site.

e)All of the above.

3. Which effect has the binding of the ligand to a G-protein coupled receptor on intracellular G-protein?

a)		ATP is hydrolyzed, activating phosphorylation
b)		GTP is exchanged for GDP on the G protein, inactivating the G protein
c)		GDP is exchanged for GTP on the G protein, activating the G protein
d)		GMP is released from the G-protein, inactivating the receptor
e)		None of the above

viridiangoat964

BIOL 1107- Midterm Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 41 pages long!)

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