ANATOMY 2300.03 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Sternum, Vertebra, Hyaline Cartilage
12 Oct 2018
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Department
Course
Professor
ANATOMY 2300.03
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Unit 1: Intro Terminology, Orientation to Body,
Integumentary System
Anatomy="structure" : greek, to cut apart/dissect
Regional anatomy: all parts of a region, all structures
Systemic anatomy: ie muscular system, nervous system, broader
Embryology: study from conception to birth
Histology: study of tissues, cells work together for common purpose
Function ALWAYS reflects structure.
Structural organization:
• Chemical level: atoms, molecules, organelles (functional within cell)
• Cellular level: smallest unit of living thing, structurally working together, shape affects function
• Tissue level:
o Epithelial: covers/protects surfaces, lines insides
o Muscular: produce movement
o Connective: support/protection
o Nervous: conduct electrical impulse
• Organ level: combine 2+ tissue types = organ
• Organ system level: multiple organs, allow common complex function
o organs can be in multiple systems
• Organism level
Body Systems
Skeletal System
Major components:
• Bones
• Cartilage
• Tendons
• Ligaments
• Joints
Functions:
• Support
• Protection
• Leverage
• Hematopoiesis (creating blood cells)
• Mineral storage
• Energy storage (yellow bone marrow)
Muscular System
Components:
• Skeletal
• Cardiac
• Smooth (stomach, blood vessels, involuntary movements)
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Functions:
• Producing movement
• Heat production (thermogenesis)
Cardiovascular (Circulatory) System
Components:
• Heart
• Blood vessels
• Blood
Function:
• Transportation
o Oxygen, nutrients
o CO2, wastes
o Hormones
Lymphatic System
Components:
• Lymph vessels/nodes
• Thymus gland
• Tonsils
• Spleen
Function:
• Fluid control (collects excess fluid around cells, bring back to heart)
• Filtration
• Immunity
Nervous System
Components:
• Brain
• Spinal cord
• Nerves
• Sense organs
Functions:
• Communication
• Homeostasis
Endocrine System
Components:
• Hormone producing glands/cells
Functions:
• Communication
• Homeostasis (stable internal environment when external conditions constantly change)
Respiratory System
Components:
• Nasal cavity
• Pharynx
• Larynx
• Trachea
• Bronchi
• Lungs
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Regional anatomy: all parts of a region, all structures. Systemic anatomy: ie muscular system, nervous system, broader. Histology: study of tissues, cells work together for common purpose. Leverage: protection, hematopoiesis (creating blood cells, mineral storage, energy storage (yellow bone marrow) Function: transportation, oxygen, nutrients, co2, wastes, hormones. Fluid control (collects excess fluid around cells, bring back to heart) Functions: communication, homeostasis (stable internal environment when external conditions constantly change) Liver: alimentary canal (through entire body, gallbladder, pancreas. Functions: mechanical & chemical breakdown of food, absorption (nutrients absorbed into blood) Urinary system: kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra. Function: production of hormones, housing fetus developing. Skin: accessory structures, sebaceous (oil) glands, sudoriferous (sweat) glands, hair, nails. Functions: protection, temperature regulation (blood vessels contract/expand to hold/release heat, waste elimination. 2 layers: epidermis, mostly dead skin cells, dermis: inner level, sweat glands, hypodermis: superficial fascia. Prone: face down, you can see the back. Right/left: referring to those of patient/cadaver, not yours.
