ENS 332- Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 69 pages long!)

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Thus, about 1 l. thus, all 5l will ow through at rest in 5 minutes. Ltered out of tubule/loop/duct are resorbed into bloodstream. The ltrate remaining in the tubules will make its way to collecting duct, renal pelvis, ureter in that order and be removed as urine: tremendous atp usage is required to maintain concentration gradient(s) of several molecules/ions in kidney. 39: podocytes should prevent rbcs and proteins from entering pct as part of. Ltrate: osmolarity gradients, blood osmolarity = ~300 milliosmoles, as water leaves the descending loop of henle, the osmolarity in the ltrate. Below blood osmolarity in ascending loop of henle, and is equilibrated in. Pct and collecting duct: feedback and control of blood osmolarity. However, over time or in chronic conditions, this relationship breaks down: liver increases glucose production, ef ciency of glucose uptake by muscle decreases, hypertrophy of adipocytes. That is required for transmitting the signal when insulin binds at the receptor.

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