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Between body size and shape with climate as well. Bergman rule is that within a species body size generally increase as distance from the equator increases(from surface area of the body) Allen"s rule is that limb length decreases as distance from the equator increases. The most adaptive form is to have shorter limbs in colder temp. where in warmer you want longer limbs. This is really strong in birds and large cats. Such as the eskimos (short with broader body size) and a tribe in sudan(tall and lean) Studies that looked at limb ratios to your sitting height that people of european history have shorter legs, and a larger trunk size compared to african ancestors on average. High altitude with 25mil who live in high altitude in the world which causes a lot of stress such as solar radiation, more wind, less humid, nutritional base. Hypoxia caused by lower oxygen in the air, or oxygen starvation.

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