HES 250- Midterm Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 53 pages long!)
Document Summary
Classification is based on number of (6-carbon) sugar units: monosaccharides: glucose, galactose, fructose, disaccharides: sucrose (glucose + fructose) Maltose (glucose + glucose) lactose (glucose + galactose: polysaccharides: starch, cellulose, glycogen. Fructose: sweeter than glucose, absorbed via different gi transporters (transporters only take single units of sugar, needs to be converted into glucose before being used in the body, causes a small rise in blood glucose and insulin. Intestine to bloodstream: glucose: 60 g per hour max, fructose: 30 g per hour max. Feeding rate (highest power output for riding bike: glucose and fructose in 2:1 ratio at 1. 8 g/min. 2 forms of starch: amylose (straight chain) makes up ~20% of the digestible starch. Kno(cid:449)n as (cid:862)resistant star(cid:272)h(cid:863) (cid:271)e(cid:272)ause it takes longer to digest. Preferable type of starch for most people. Temperature affects how much of it is in a food (cold vegetables have more amylose than heated ones do: amylopectin (branched) makes up ~80% of the digestible starch.
