[BIOL 309] - Midterm Exam Guide - Ultimate 14 pages long Study Guide!
Document Summary
Mitosis and meiosis: portions of the cell cycle: mitosis: somatic cells. Clonal replication of chromosomes producing identical daughter somatic cells: meiosis: germline cells. Replication and pairing of homologous chromosomes, with 2 rounds of division creating four gametes that are identical. Bacteria (prokaryotes: 1 larger circular chromosome, replicates by fission. Mother cell divides into 2 daughter cells. Mother cell duplicates then each cell receives a cop. A bacterial colony is a visible mass of cells: no meiosis. Organelles that replicate through fission like bacteria: mitochondria, chloroplast. Prophase: when duplicated chromosomes condense into rod-shaped bodies. Metaphase: when the chromosomes migrate to the equatorial plane of the cell. Anaphase: the centromere that holds the sister chromatids of a duplicated chromosome together splits, and the sister chromatids separate (disjunction) from each other. Telophase: the end of mitosis when the chromosomes de-condense and a nuclear membrane reforms around them.
