BSC 340 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Habitat, Soil Erosion, Reforestation
12 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
BSC 340
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
August 28, 2018
Historical View of Utilitarianism
• Current Event
o Curlews (a type of bird) being killed
▪ Idaho Department of Fish and Game (state)
▪ Bureau of Land Management (federal)
▪ Legal target shooting, but illegal shooting of these birds (federal offense)
• Natural resources
o Wildlife
o Fisheries
o Forestry
o Range land
• Utilitarian approach
o Exploitation of species for human benefit
• European presence
o Change habitat structure
▪ Fences
▪ Clearing land/forests in order to farm and build
o Intense exploitation
▪ The Americas had seeigly liitless resources for Europe
o Change in community composition
▪ Exotic species were introduced – often invasive
▪ Single-species stands of trees – land was cleared and specific trees were
planted for commercial use
• Intense exploitation
o Depletion and expansion
o No incentive for conservation
o Fur, fish, trees
o Market hunting (hunting for profit rather than sport)
o Beavers
▪ Used for hats
▪ Easy to find, low reproductive rate
• Long time for population to increase
▪ Beavers might have gone extinct without the change in fashion
o Plume trade
▪ Used for woe’s hats
▪ Birds that congregated in groups were most vulnerable
o Seals
▪ Used for meat, skin, blubber, and oil
▪ Exploitation decreased when other sources of fuel was found and their
decreased numbers made them harder to find
o Whales
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
▪ Oil for light
▪ Spermaceti in industrial lubricant
▪ Whale ivory
▪ Baleen was used for hairbrushes
o Passenger pigeons
▪ Found in the deciduous forests of NE North America
▪ Groups search for unpredictable food, making them vulnerable to
hunters
▪ Extinct in wild in 1900, in captivity in 1914
o Livestock
▪ Replaced natural herbivores
▪ Overgrazing was an issue
• Soil erosion
• Exotic weeds
▪ Problems with livestock happened gradually, unable to stop it before it
was too late
▪ Prairie dogs were poisoned
o Tasmanian wolf
▪ Extinct in 1936
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Fall 2018: current event, curlews (a type of bird) being killed. Idaho department of fish and game (state: bureau of land management (federal, legal target shooting, but illegal shooting of these birds (federal offense) August 28, 2018: natural resources, wildlife, fisheries, forestry, range land, utilitarian approach, exploitation of species for human benefit, european presence, change habitat structure, fences, clearing land/forests in order to farm and build. Intense exploitation: the americas had see(cid:373)i(cid:374)gly (cid:862)li(cid:373)itless(cid:863) resources for europe, change in community composition, exotic species were introduced often invasive, single-species stands of trees land was cleared and specific trees were. In 1906, a major earthquake and fire occurred in san francisco: san francisco applied to the us department of the interior for water rights to hetch hetchy. In 2012, san francisco voted on proposition f: required the city to, conduct an 8-million-dollar study on how the flooded valley could be drained and restored.
