GSC 103 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Lichen, Desert Pavement, South American Plate

• School: University of Miami
• Department: Geological Sciences
• Course: GSC 103
• Professor: P E T E R L E E C H

Document Summary

Lecture 11: how rocks bend tectonic forces continuously squeeze, stretch, bend, and break the rock in the lithosphere. Elastic deformation occurs under low stress; if stress is removed, the rocks return to their original shape. Ductile deformation occurs under high stress; they bend and if stress is removed, some of the bend remains. Fracture occurs under higher stress; rock divided into two or more pieces. Footwall blocks the lower block of a fault that is not vertical. Hanging-wall blocks upper block of a fault that is not vertical. Horsts and grabens produced by normal faults; blocks which sink or are exposed as neighboring blocks are pulled away; which is produced is determined by the direction of the dip; graben (rift) are hanging-wall blocks; horsts are footwall blocks. Strike-slip fault=horizontally moving faults; above is right lateral. Three types of earthquakes: caused by reverse/thrust faults, caused by strike-slip faults, caused by normal faults.