POL 307 Study Guide - Spring 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Age Of Enlightenment, Kingdom Of England, Capitalism
12 Oct 2018
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POL 307
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
POL 307: Political Ideologies Notes
The Enlightenment
Ideology: The scientific study of life, existing conditions
-desired future, action plan, directed at the masses
-explained in simple terms
-coined by De Tracy, study of how people form and develop their ideas
→ wasnt referring to politics in particular
→ thought it would benefit mankind if we could understand how people came up
with their ideas
→ people always formed their ideas based on physical, material things
-created in the modern world, people would be able to figure out the correct course of
action to take to improve their lives
→ modern world phenomenon
-every ideology is based on some type of philosophy
→ multifaceted, explain the principles of life
Government: institution or establishment that creates social order
-set up rules and programs for society
-power to legitimately use force to enforce these things
-safety
→ laws/police about behavior
→ diplomacy, military
-convenience
→ public goods, public services
Political Ideologies is an attempt to lead to the best political system you could have
Antiquity 500BC - 500 CE
Middle Ages 500 CE- 1500 CE
-absolute monarchy, could use force
-divine right of kings theory
-legitimate religion that the people should practice
-mercantilism: government controls the economy
→ who can own land, run businesses
→ agricultural economies
-King, royalty, clergy, nobility, gentry, merchants, artisans, independent farmers,
peasants, laborers
→ hierarchical structure, born into their class
-beliefs and values not typically accepted until this time period (moves into
Enlightenment_
Modern World 1500 CE - Today
European Enlightenment (Mid 1600’s-1700’s)
-backlash against what was going on in the Middle Ages
-people have the ability to use reason to figure out how things do and should work, and
also change things
-individuals start to think that they can change something for themselves and others
(society)
-Emanual Kant 1724 says the Enlightenment was the beginning of man’s ability to use
their own knowledge to steer their own lives
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
→ didnt need a King to tell them what to do, how to live
→ give people confidence that they could actually figure something out and
change it
→ when the Enlightenment occurred and fall out starts, it caused fractures in
society
-- people afraid, a lot of change both good and bad
-- people created ideologies to get rid of stresses
Classical Liberals
-philosophers from France, Ireland, England
-some are scholars, academics, scientists, artists
-John Locke (1632-1704): medical doctor who attended Oxford
→ Puritan religion
→ wrote famous pieces of work
→ father/founder of classical liberalism
→ writing had big influence on developments during the time
-- Founding Fathers, revolution, declaration of independence
→ Life, Liberty, and Property
-Progressive change
→ human beings rationally, logically established government and make Kings
-Thomas Hobbes “State of Nature”
-Social Contract Theory: a group of people invented government and came up with the
concept of King
→ in some point in time a group of people became reasonable enough to decide
to trade some of their freedoms, power, and rights to one of their members and to make
him the leader
→ solution to problems that existed
→ John Locke, Reausso: think about gov’t and king differently
-Popular Sovereignty: The people give the sovereign power
→ the people gave the government the power to rule
→ sovereign government: the ultimate government
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Thought it would benefit mankind if we could understand how people came up. Ideology: the scientific study of life, existing conditions. Desired future, action plan, directed at the masses. Coined by de tracy, study of how people form and develop their ideas with their ideas. Created in the modern world, people would be able to figure out the correct course of action to take to improve their lives. Every ideology is based on some type of philosophy. Government: institution or establishment that creates social order. Power to legitimately use force to enforce these things. People always formed their ideas based on physical, material things. Political ideologies is an attempt to lead to the best political system you could have. King, royalty, clergy, nobility, gentry, merchants, artisans, independent farmers, peasants, laborers. Beliefs and values not typically accepted until this time period (moves into. Backlash against what was going on in the middle ages.
