B STR 301 Midterm: WEEK 5 OBJECTIVES
27 Jun 2018
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WEEK 5 OBJECTIVES
1. Describe the 3 major subdivisions of the brain and their basic
functions:
-Cerebrum (largest portion – divided into 2 hemispheres)
oHighest brain activity
Thoughts
Judgment
Memory
Comprehension
oCerebral hemispheres
The two portions of the cerebrum
oLongitudinal fissure
Divides the two hemispheres
Deep fissure
oGyri
The mounds
Increases surface area
oSulci
The deep depressions on the surface
Increases surface area
oCorpus callosum: big band of white matter that contains tracts
Bundles of myelinated axons that carry information between the two
hemispheres
oCerebral lobes
There is a difference in function for each hemisphere
Categorical hemisphere
Representational hemisphere
Left:
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WEEK 5 OBJECTIVES
oLanguage
oScientific skills
oNumerical skills
oReasoning
oSign language
Right:
oCreative side
oMusical artistic awareness
oSpace pattern perception
oEmotional intent
oGray matter & white matter
Outer cerebral cortex = gray
Cell bodies
Dendrites
Where synapsing is occurring
Covers outside of cerebrum
There are also gray blobs on the sides of brains = nuclei
oClusters of cell bodies
Inner (basal nuclei) = white
Myelinated axons
Tracts
Different from spinal cord because inner is gray (butterfly) and outer
is white
oLobes of the cerebrum:
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Insula: under the temporal and frontal lobe
Occipital
oCerebral cortex functional areas:
Sensory areas: process sensations
Primary somatic: temperature, touch, pain, itch, body position
oPARIETAL LOBE
Visual: sight
oOCCIPITAL LOBE
Auditory: sound
oTEMPORAL LOBE
Olfactory: smell
oTEMPORAL AND FRONTAL LOBE
Gustatory: taste
oINSULA AND PARIETAL LOBE
Motor areas: initiate movement
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find more resources at oneclass.com
WEEK 5 OBJECTIVES
Association areas: integration
Adjacent to sensory areas – further analysis
Complex integration functions
oMemory
oEmotion
oReasoning
oWill
oJudgement
oPersonality
oIntelligence
Primary somatosensory area (postcentral gyrus)
Contains primary somatosensory cortex
Exhibits somatotopy: a body map
-Cerebellum “little brain”
oSecond largest portion of the brain
oMuscular balance and control
oReceives information from somatic receptors
oReceives information from receptors of equilibrium and balance in the inner
ear
oReceives motor input from cerebrum
oImportant integration area of the brain
oLanguage, cognition, acquiring knowledge, emotional role, touch, spatial
perception
o2 hemispheres with a vermis in the middle
-Brain stem (primitive brain)
oMedulla oblongata: starts around the foramen magnum (big hole where
spinal cord enters the cranium) (dark green)
Between spinal cord and pons
First part of brain stem
White Matter Tracts (myelinated axons that carry messages through
CNS) and nuclei (clusters of cell bodies of those neurons)
Pyramids = where tracts cross over (crossing over of nerve
impulses)
Nuclei = involuntary functions
oBlood pressure
oCardiac
oRespiratory / breathing rate
5 Cranial nerves also enter here
oPons: between the medulla and midbrain (light green)
Bridge between medulla and midbrain
Connects cerebrum to cerebellum!!!!
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Week 5 objectives: describe the 3 major subdivisions of the brain and their basic functions: Cerebrum (largest portion divided into 2 hemispheres: highest brain activity. The two portions of the cerebrum: longitudinal fissure. Increases surface area: corpus callosum: big band of white matter that contains tracts. Bundles of myelinated axons that carry information between the two hemispheres: cerebral lobes. There is a difference in function for each hemisphere. Week 5 objectives: language, scientific skills, numerical skills, reasoning, sign language. Right: creative side, musical artistic awareness, space pattern perception, emotional intent, gray matter & white matter. There are also gray blobs on the sides of brains = nuclei: clusters of cell bodies. Different from spinal cord because inner is gray (butterfly) and outer is white: lobes of the cerebrum: Primary somatic: temperature, touch, pain, itch, body position: parietal lobe. Olfactory: smell: temporal and frontal lobe. Gustatory: taste: insula and parietal lobe. Adjacent to sensory areas further analysis.
