B STR 301 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Shock Absorber, Joint Capsule, Intervertebral Disc
27 Jun 2018
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MIDTERM 1 – WEEK 2 OBJECTIVES (NURS 301) HELEN KIM
1. List the functions of bone other than support and protection:
- Support & protection
- Maintain pH balance
- Store calcium
- Produce blood cells
- Movement with muscles
- Storage of minerals for other functions
- Absorbs contaminants from blood (short term)
oLong term absorption may be problematic ex. cancer
-Skeletal System Composition:
oBones
oTendon (connects bone to muscle)
oLigament (connects bone to bone)
oCartilage
oTissues
Connective tissues:
Bone (osseous)
Blood
Fibrous
Adipose (yellow marrow)
Nervous tissue
2. Describe the composition of bone:
- CONNECTIVE TISSUE with a hard matrix
- Collagen fibers
oFlexibility and strength
- Mineral salts deposit on fibers (Ca3PO4 & CaCO3)
oHardness and resists compression
- PRIMARILY made up of MINERALS
oCalcium = most abundant
- rest made of organic compounds (mostly collagen)
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
MIDTERM 1 – WEEK 2 OBJECTIVES (NURS 301) HELEN KIM
3. Distinguish between the two types of bone tissue including where these tissues are
found:
-Compact bone:
oOuter part of the bone that we see
oMade up of system of OSTEONS (tree trunks)
Circular systems that contain blood vessels and nerves
oLamellae: rings of the tree
oCentral Canal:
oSpiders of the rings of the tree = spaces where the osteocytes are found
Lacunae: where osteocytes are found
Canaliculi: connect the system together through gap junctions (legs of
the spider / look like hairs)
oInterstitial lamellae: non tree trunk lamellae
oCircumferential lamellae: circular layers that go all around the bone
oVolkmann’s Canal / Perforating Canal: vessels penetrate the bone
Horizontal to the central canal
-Spongy Bone:
oInner part of the bone
oSpiky
Can take tension in many different directions
Makes it strong but not heavy
oNO OSTEONS
oEndosteum:
Lamellae
About 3 layers of cells of osteocytes in the lamellae
4. Describe the osteon system of compact bone. Include in your description:
-Osteon
-Central canal
-Lacunae with osteocytes
-Canaliculi
-Lamellae
-Volkmann’s canal
-Interstitial lamellae
-Circumferential lamellae
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
MIDTERM 1 – WEEK 2 OBJECTIVES (NURS 301) HELEN KIM
5. Label and describe a long bone. Include in your description:
-Epiphysis: ends of bones (proximal and distal)
-Diaphysis: long shaft of bones
-Metaphysis: neck of bones, contains the GROWTH PLATE
-Marrow cavity: inner cavity of the shaft of bones
-Periosteum: outer membrane of the bone
oBone cells: osteoclasts, osteoblasts, etc.
-Endosteum: inner layer lining the medullary cavity
ospiky things
omade up only by a layer of bone cells
-Nutrient foramen: blood vessels enter through foramen
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Helen kim: list the functions of bone other than support and protection: Absorbs contaminants from blood (short term: long term absorption may be problematic ex. cancer. Skeletal system composition: bones, tendon (connects bone to muscle, ligament (connects bone to bone, cartilage, tissues. Nervous tissue: describe the composition of bone: Mineral salts deposit on fibers (ca3po4 & caco3: hardness and resists compression. Primarily made up of minerals: calcium = most abundant rest made of organic compounds (mostly collagen) Helen kim: distinguish between the two types of bone tissue including where these tissues are found: Compact bone: outer part of the bone that we see, made up of system of osteons (tree trunks) Circular systems that contain blood vessels and nerves: lamellae: rings of the tree, central canal, spiders of the rings of the tree = spaces where the osteocytes are found. Spongy bone: inner part of the bone, spiky. Can take tension in many different directions.
