PSC 41 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Social Desirability Bias, Observer-Expectancy Effect, Stratified Sampling
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PSC 41 Full Course Notes
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Co-occurrence-the presumed cause and the presumed effect have to either both occur or neither occur. Time sequence-presumed cause must precede the presumed effect. Construct- hypothetical variable that can"t directly be observed (such as happiness/intelligence) Operational def- a specific definition of what the variable is, including units of measurements (how many times) Types of closed-ended surveys: yes-no questions, multiple choice, forced alternative (ultimatum), likert type scale (scale of 1-10) Response sets: mental shortcuts that influence the way people answer; acquiescence (saying yes) nay- saying social desirability faking bad extremity. Control for response sets: reverse wording. (ask questions in complete opposition to the previous) Threats to construct validity (observation): observer bias, observers may affect what they see, being observed influences behavior, Sample bias: constant error, results in a sample that is not representative. a non random selection procedure. Stratified sampling: divides the population into subpopulation and you randomly select proportional samples from each subgroup.
