[EARTHSS 5] - Midterm Exam Guide - Ultimate 13 pages long Study Guide!
7 Feb 2017
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Buoyancy: tendency of a less dense material to rise up and float on top of a more dense material. O(cid:396)og(cid:396)aphi(cid:272) lifti(cid:374)g: ai(cid:396) defle(cid:272)ted upwa(cid:396)d (cid:271)y (cid:373)ou(cid:374)tai(cid:374)s (cid:894)(cid:862)(cid:396)ai(cid:374)shadow(cid:863) a(cid:396)eas a(cid:374)d dese(cid:396)ts(cid:895) Frontal lifting: buoyancy deflects warm air masses over cold air masses. Convergence: winds converge and air is forced upwards. Tati(cid:272) sta(cid:271)ility: ai(cid:396)(cid:859)s sus(cid:272)epti(cid:271)ility to (cid:272)o(cid:374)ti(cid:374)ue (cid:396)isi(cid:374)g o(cid:374)(cid:272)e i(cid:374)itially uplifted. Environmental lapse rate: actual temperature of surrounding still air at each altitude (varies with time and location) Adia(cid:271)ati(cid:272) lapse (cid:396)ate: how (cid:373)u(cid:272)h ai(cid:396) pa(cid:396)(cid:272)el(cid:859)s te(cid:373)pe(cid:396)atu(cid:396)e will (cid:272)ha(cid:374)ge whe(cid:374) lifted (cid:894)p(cid:396)edi(cid:272)ta(cid:271)le process) Absolutely unstable when it continues to rise (elr > 10 degrees c) Absolutely stable when it is resistant to rise (elr < 5 degree c) High clouds (above 6000 m: trap more heat = result in warming. Low clouds (below 2000 m: reflect more sunlight = result in cooling. Vertically extensive: these clouds may extend throughout much of the atmosphere (ex. cumulus, cumulonimbus)
