PSY BEH 164C Midterm: ADDICTION PSYCH MIDTERM STUDY GUIDE (part 2 – sec. 4-6)
22 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
ADDICTION PSYCH MIDTERM STUDY GUIDE (part 2 – sec. 4-6)
4. College Student Drinking
Concepts to know:
· Some general patterns of drinking in college: College students drink more than their peers not in
college; perceived at
integral part of culture
· Societal response to college drinking: looks the other way ; “time out”
· Social factors in college drinking: frats/sororities increase rates; athletes increase rates
· Binge drinking in college and the controversy surrounding it:
oControversy
What is the duration of “the drinking occasion”?
5 drinks over 5 hours would lead to BAC near 0
o800 students given breath tests when returning to dorm 10 p.m. to 3 a.m.
Among students self-identified as heavy drinkers over past two weeks; virtually
half had BACs of zero
For those reported binge drinking that evening, average BAC under .08
Only 1.5% had BACs > .15
oExtreme drinking might be better term – heavy, excessive, unrestrained drinking
· Drinking & academic performance
oAcademic Performance declines with drinking
oAssociated with higher rates of drop-out
oMay be more related to missed classes and disturbed sleep than actual alcohol use
· Other problems associated with drinking in college
oPROBLEM % in 2011
oHungover 60.2
oNausea/vomit 51.2
oAction later regretted 33.6
oMemory loss 33.8
oArgument/fight 29.4
oMissed class 25.7
oCriticized by someone 28.0
oDrove under influence 21.3
oPoorly on test 19.4
oHurt/injured 15.5
· Drinking and sexual assault:20-25% of women experience attempted or completed rape while in
college
· Risk factors in college drinking: First year/inexperienced (50%+ being injured) are most acute for
alcohol poisoning, frats/sororities - most social life revolves around drinking (drinking games), heavy HS
drinkers, college athletes (more than non-athletes. Track = lowest rates, Lacrosse = 8x more likely to use
cocaine than basketball)
· Perceptions of drinking among college students
Refer to “learning theory” under terms
Positive responses associated with alcohol occur more frequently and are
encoded in each event, reinforcing the belief that drinking leads to more fun
oPerceived Benefits of Drinking
Positive consequences judged to be greater
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Positive outcomes perceived as occurring far more often than negative
· Campus initiatives to curb drinking rates and their efficacy:
Alcohol free dorms, Athletics/alumni events, reducing alcohol promotions, outreach to local
community, application of research findings
Amethyst initiative: College president's request lowering drinking age; trends did not change
much when age was raised (1980s)
Medical amnesty: AKA 911 lifeline or 911 good samaritan law; Report alcohol poisoning
without being in trouble for being underaged
Social marketing: Changing misperceptions about drinking
oSocial Marketing only works if
Significant # of students have misperception
Incorrect estimates are over estimates
Involves a behavior that one can’t individually know with certainty
The individuals targeted with the message care about the group whose values,
etc. are presented as the norm
Additional Readings: College Student’s Drinking & REVIEW Patterns of use/Gender differences
5. How Do Drugs Work?
Concepts to know:
· Routes of Administration: (99.9% of drug misuse)
1. Ingestion: most COMMON method (eat, drink [EtOH], chew, swallow, dissolve under
lips/tongue) pass into gastrointestinal system & absorbed rapidly into bloodstream through
stomach lining & large intestine [faster without food in stomach]; 1 hr to absorb most of dose -
slow
2. Inhalation: 2nd most common method [smoke/vapor] absorbed through lungs (which have rich
blood supply) in seconds (faster than injection) i.e. tobacco, weed, crack, inhalants
3. Intranasal: snorting (rich with blood vessels) i.e. cocaine, heroin
4. Injection: intravenous (vein) [common for heroin/meth (crank)], intramuscular (muscle),
subcutaneous (under the skin); very rapid and most dangerous (easy to overdose, veins collapse,
bacterial infections, HIV/hepatitis) /needle exchange programs ---> safer
· How do various drugs move and removed from the bloodstream/body, or how are they
metabolized?
Point of entry into bloodstream (absorbed through membranes), circulates
through body 1 min, crosses blood-brain barrier (into brain to interact with neurons) for
psychoactive effects
Eliminated through filters
oBroken down (metabolized) in liver, excreted through kidneys (in
urine)/expelled in air from lungs/sweat through skin/breast milk
oSpeed of elimination = half-life= length of time reduced drug level by
half (varies by drugs)
· Factors that can influence metabolism rate
Alcohol typically metabolized by 2 enzymes (break down into components to be
safely eliminated)
· Relationship between BAC and subjective arousal:
BAC: blood alcohol concentration; measure of amount of alcohol in bloodstream
o0.1% = 1 mg alcohol per 100 mL blood
oOne standard drink - BAC: 0.02 - 0.05 [avg. of 0.03]
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
